基于行人影响的信号交叉口右转车辆跟驰模型

为探究在不同场景下行人对信号交叉口右转车辆跟驰行为的影响,采用无人机采集信号交叉口视频录像,通过视频分析技术提取信号交叉口右转车辆跟驰数据,提出考虑行人过街平均流率影响的右转车辆优化速度函数,构建不同场景下基于行人影响的信号交叉口右转车辆跟驰模型,并对模型进行参数标定和仿真验证.结果表明,保守驾驶员为避免人车冲突会先减速后停车,等待20 s可放行约27人;激进的驾驶员选择在过街行人间隙强行穿越人行横道,穿行前平均速度由13.8 m/s降至8.3 m/s,穿越完成后加速离开,速度波动较小,符合实际情形.     

千米级斜拉桥横向减震体系振动台试验

工程中常采用的斜拉桥横向固定体系会增大桥墩、桥塔及其基础的抗震需求，从而增大斜拉桥在地震作用下的损伤破坏风险。为解决这一问题，以已研发的桥梁新型横向钢阻尼器为减震耗能装置，采用振动台试验方法，研究大跨度斜拉桥横向减震体系在近、远场地震作用下的减震效果。以苏通大桥为背景，设计1/35几何相似比的斜拉桥全桥试验模型，并分别进行横向减震体系和传统的横向固定体系的振动台试验。其中，将钢阻尼器与滑动型球钢支座并联布置于桥墩处、钢阻尼器布置于桥塔处形成横向减震体系。基于试验结果进行减震体系的减震行为分析。研究结果表明：在近、远场地震作用下，减震体系均能显著地减小主梁传递给桥墩和桥塔的地震力，其中墩梁、塔梁连接横向传力均减小50%以上，且将主梁位移限制在可接受范围内；减震体系也显著减小了塔身位移、曲率以及墩底曲率需求，其中，塔底截面曲率平均减小了34%，近塔辅助墩墩底曲率平均减小了67%；钢阻尼器拥有饱满的滞回曲线，但其滞回特性与地震输入有关；相对于支座的摩擦耗能，钢阻尼器的耗能能力更显著；在带有速度脉冲的近场地震作用下，钢阻尼器以及支座的位移响应具有明显的脉冲特点。     

A vehicle ABS adaptive sliding-mode control algorithm based on the vehicle velocity estimation and tyre/road friction coefficient estimations

A sliding-mode observer is designed to estimate the vehicle velocity with the measured vehicle acceleration, the wheel speeds and the braking torques. Based on the Burckhardt tyre model, the extended Kalman filter is designed to estimate the parameters of the Burckhardt model with the estimated vehicle velocity, the measured wheel speeds and the vehicle acceleration. According to the estimated parameters of the Burckhardt tyre model, the tyre/road friction coefficients and the optimal slip ratios are calculated. A vehicle adaptive sliding-mode control (SMC) algorithm is presented with the estimated vehicle velocity, the tyre/road friction coefficients and the optimal slip ratios. And the adjustment method of the sliding-mode gain factors is discussed. Based on the adaptive SMC algorithm, a vehicle's antilock braking system (ABS) control system model is built with the Simulink Toolbox. Under the single-road condition as well as the different road conditions, the performance of the vehicle ABS system is simulated with the vehicle velocity observer, the tyre/road friction coefficient estimator and the adaptive SMC algorithm. The results indicate that the estimated errors of the vehicle velocity and the tyre/road friction coefficients are acceptable and the vehicle ABS adaptive SMC algorithm is effective. So the proposed adaptive SMC algorithm can be used to control the vehicle ABS without the information of the vehicle velocity and the road conditions.     

列车振动条件下古建筑群结构动力响应分析

为研究地铁列车振动对上方古建筑的影响规律,基于西安地铁4号线下穿和平门区段,建立不同行车速度组合工况有限元振动分析模型,用来分析和平门古建筑群的振动响应规律。并进行中国古建筑结构允许振动速度评价标准的比选、推导和确定,由结果可知:地铁单向或对向通过城墙时,不同车速对峰值位移几乎没有影响。城墙的峰值速度、加速度随着车速的增大而增大,在车速为80 km/h时达到最大。桥体在两种运行模式下的峰值位移、速度、加速度变化趋势与城墙相同,但最终值较大。综合比较,列车80 km/h对向行驶为最不利情况,此时城墙和桥体的速度、加速度分别为0.160,0.667 mm/s和0.679,2.998 mm/s~2。护城河桥的振动以竖直方向为主,而城墙在列车运营时主要呈水平方向振动。桥体的水平振动速度略大于城墙,且两者均小于容许水平振动速度,因此该地铁运营过程中可保证古建筑运营安全。     

喷水推进混流泵叶轮三元可控速度矩设计

本文介绍了混流泵叶轮叶片一种准三元设计法。以速度矩Vur为控制变量,通过正反问题迭代计算从而构制出叶片,力求使叶轮叶片形状与叶轮内实际流态相吻合,从而得到性能优异的混流泵。     

船舶机舱通风数值模拟分析

利用CFD技术对某船舶机舱通风系统进行数值模拟,提出机舱气流组织改进措施.选取舱内典型截面进行分析,指出可以通过安装隔屏来消除舱内大漩涡,同时调节机械抽风口数量和位置,可使舱内气流组织得到改善;对舱内人员活动区域进行分析,表明活动区域环境速度、温度均符合设计要求,而且风机开度与舱内温度密切相关,根据舱内不同温度要求合理选择开度可节省资源.模拟结果证明CFD技术有利于机舱通风设计,为通风系统的改进提供了有力工具.     

基于扰动压力与速度测量水中目标航向与航速的新方法

从不可压理想定常流动的伯努利方程出发,依据水中航行体对水中某点的扰动压力与扰动速度的相关性,提出了基于水中航行体对水中一点的扰动压力与扰动速度测量该航行体的航行速度与航向的新方法。船模实验表明,该方法能较准确地测量出水中航行体的航向与运动速度,航向测量误差在5%以内,速度测量误差在20%以内,说明该方法具有实际应用前景。     

应用RANS(雷诺平均的纳维尔一斯托克斯方程)和动量理论进行螺旋桨诱导速度的计算研究(英文)

In order to provide instructions for the calculation of the propeller induced velocity in the study of the hull-propeller interaction using the body force approach,three methods were used to calculate the propeller induced velocity:1) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulation of the self-propulsion test,2) RANS simulation of the propeller open water test,and 3) momentum theory of the propeller.The results from the first two methods were validated against experimental data to assess the accuracy of the computed flow field.The thrust identity method was adopted to obtain the advance velocity,which was then used to derive the propeller induced velocity from the total velocity field.The results computed by the first two approaches were close,while those from the momentum theory were significantly overestimated.The presented results could prove to be useful for further calculations of self-propulsion using the body force approach.     

PD雷达解速度模糊中冗余量的选择分析

分析了PD雷达解速度模糊中存在的冗余量选择问题。对比了相控阵雷达利用数字波束形成(DBF)搜索方位和PD雷达频率估计的相似性,提出一种减小冗余量的方法。通过大量的数据仿真,验证了该方法能有效降低解模糊的冗余量,提高PD雷达的估计频率并保证解模糊的准确度。     

采用高阶边界元法的楔形体变速度入水数值模拟(英文)

A high order boundary element method was developed for the complex velocity potential problem. The method ensures not only the continuity of the potential at the nodes of each element but also the velocity. It can be applied to a variety of velocity potential problems. The present paper, however, focused on its application to the problem of water entry of a wedge with varying speed. The continuity of the velocity achieved herein is particularly important for this kind of nonlinear free surface flow problem, because when the time stepping method is used, the free surface is updated through the velocity obtained at each node and the accuracy of the velocity is therefore crucial. Calculation was made for a case when the distance S that the wedge has travelled and time t follow the relationship s=Dtα, where D and α are constants, which is found to lead to a self similar flow field when the effect due to gravity is ignored.