设计变更对船舶建造中材料成本的影响分析

船舶建造工程属于复杂系统工程,多发的设计变更对材料成本的变动增加了更多不确定性。文章从成本管理角度,分析了设计变更产生原因及分类,对材料成本影响的因果关系和不同阶段下的设计变更对材料成本的影响。在此基础上提出变更数据的采集方法,并用案例分析说明了各种变更原因对材料成本的影响程度。文章的研究结果为企业设计变更决策提供有用的参考。     

高温渣罐车通过时隧道内的热传递

研究了高温渣罐车通过隧道时,因高温热源的传热影响而使隧道内温度场发生变化,隧道内动态热源的热传递问题,并结合实例计算出了隧道内的温度分布情况。     

海上漂浮式输油管线内部流体流速引起管线变形的研究

通过对海上漂浮式输油管线进行受力分析,建立其内部流体流速变化对管线作用的数学模型.利用ADINA软件,采用流固耦合方法,对DN100野战输油管线进行了分析,研究了管线的变形情况,并将其与理论计算结果进行了比较,验证了该模型的可行性.     

CaCO_3填充PVC的机械化学改性

用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(IR)等表征方法,研究了碳酸钙填充改性PVC的制备及其影响因素.结果表明:碳酸钙含量少时,研磨后颗粒分散效果不好;随着碳酸钙含量的增加,分散均匀,达到95%时分散最好,此时由扫描电镜和能谱分析可发现两者发生包覆现象;当碳酸钙含量增大到100%时,颗粒发生团聚;从X射线衍射分析可以看出,研磨后碳酸钙的晶型发生很大变化,由晶态向非晶态转变;从红外光谱图可以看出,研磨后物质的官能团发生变化,证明PVC包覆CaCO3过程中,PVC内部结构发生很大变化.     

动车组车轮多边形磨耗形成与发展过程仿真研究

针对动车组车轮多边形磨耗愈发严重的问题,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型、轮轨接触模型、Archard磨耗模型和循环迭代模型,建立车轮多边形磨耗长期磨损迭代模型;模拟我国某型高速动车组20阶车轮多边形的发展过程,结果与实际情况吻合,证实模型的准确性.基于长期磨损迭代模型,研究车辆运行速度、轮轨模态振动特性和轨道参数对车轮多...     

The influence of built environment to the trends in commuting journeys in the Netherlands

In this paper we describe commuting trends in the Netherlands in the past decade and examine the influence of urban form and travel accessibility on commuting journeys over time on the basis of data from the Dutch National Travel Survey. Exploratory analysis is performed to identify changes in commuting participation, departure time, commuting time, commuting distance and the modal split. Regression analysis and choice models are used to examine the influence of the built environment on commuting parameters over time. The results indicate that urban form has consistently influenced the parameters of commuting journey in the Netherlands in the last 10 years. However, the trend of the influence is unique for each commuting model. Some influences have become less significant in the last decade and some have become stronger.

特大断面隧道远程自动监测方案的研究

文章介绍了特大断面隧道——广州龙头山隧道的远程自动监测系统。该系统由本地子系统和远程监测子系统构成,其中本地测量子系统实现了对拱顶沉降、锚杆应力、二次衬砌钢筋应力和二次衬砌混凝土应变四个方面的远程自动监测;无线传输子系统采用基于Web(Internet)及GSM中GPRS的无线远程数据传输方式,实现了对隧道监测数据的远程无线传输。根据7个月监测可知,龙头山隧道使用正常,各部分结构处于安全状态。为评价特大断面隧道结构的长期安全性,还需要在今后的运营阶段做更长时间的监测及提供更多的数据支持。     

Modified environmental contour method for predicting long-term extreme responses of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines

Predicting extreme responses is very important in designing a bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines. The commonly used method that account for the variability of the response and the environmental conditions is the full long-term analysis (FLTA), which is accurate but time consuming. It is a direct integration of all the probability distribution of short-term extremes and the environmental conditions. Since the long-term extreme responses are usually governed by very few important environmental conditions, the long-term analysis can be greatly simplified if such conditions are identified. For offshore structures, one simplified method is the environmental contour method (ECM), which uses the short-term extreme probability distribution of important environmental conditions selected on the contour surface with the relevant return periods. However, because of the inherent difference of offshore wind turbines and ordinary offshore structures, especially their non-monotonic behavior of the responses under wind loads, ECM cannot be directly applied because the environmental condition it selects is not close to the actual most important one.The paper presents a modified environmental contour method (MECM) for bottom-fixed offshore wind turbine applications. It can identify the most important environmental condition that governs the long-term extreme. The method is tested on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine supported by a simplified jacket-type support structure. Compared to the results of FLTA, MECM yields accurate results and is shown to be an efficient and reliable method for the prediction of the extreme responses of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines.     

Will autonomous vehicles change residential location and vehicle ownership? Glimpses from Georgia

Many studies have begun investigating possible transportation landscapes in the autonomous vehicle (AV) era, but empirical results on longer-term decisions are limited. We address this gap using data collected from a survey designed and implemented for Georgia residents in 2017–2018. Focusing on a hypothetical all-AV future, this section of the survey included questions regarding advantages/disadvantages of AVs, short-term mode choice impacts, medium-term impacts on activity patterns, and long-term behavioral changes – specifically, whether/how AVs will influence individuals to change residential location and the number of cars in the household. We hypothesize that AVs could act in concert with attitudinal preferences to stimulate changes in these long-term decisions, and that some medium-term activity changes triggered by AVs could motivate people to relocate their residence or shed household vehicles. We applied exploratory factor analysis to measure the perceived likelihood that AVs would prompt various medium-term changes. We then included some of those measures, among other variables, in a cross-nested logit (CNL) model of the choice of the residential location/vehicle ownership bundle. Although more than half of respondents expected “no change” in their bundle, we found that younger, lower income, pro-suburban, and pro-non-car-mode individuals were more likely to anticipate changing their selections. In addition, some expected medium-term impacts of AVs influenced changes in these longer-term choices. We further applied the CNL model to two population segments (Atlanta and non-Atlanta-region residents). We found notable improvement in goodness of fit and different effects of factors across segments, signifying the existence of geography-related taste heterogeneity.     

关于"报港制"的深层思考

文章在总结“报港制”成绩的基础上，探讨了“报港制”存在的问题和对策。