NPY神经纤维在大鼠心脏的分布及增龄变化

用免疫细胞化学ABC法在光镜和电镜下观察了不同月龄组SD大鼠心脏神经肽酪氨酸(NPY)神经纤维的分布特征及其衰老变化。结果发现:心脏各部位、各结构具有不同密度、不同形式的NPY神经分布,纤维均为膨体型。电镜下,神经纤维行于心肌间隙并与心肌细胞贴近,轴浆内充满NPY阳性反应颗粒。随月龄增加,神经纤维密度下降,纤维形态及分布形式发生改变,对心脏支配减弱。此外,在心内还发现NPY神经节。     

Will autonomous vehicles change residential location and vehicle ownership? Glimpses from Georgia

Many studies have begun investigating possible transportation landscapes in the autonomous vehicle (AV) era, but empirical results on longer-term decisions are limited. We address this gap using data collected from a survey designed and implemented for Georgia residents in 2017–2018. Focusing on a hypothetical all-AV future, this section of the survey included questions regarding advantages/disadvantages of AVs, short-term mode choice impacts, medium-term impacts on activity patterns, and long-term behavioral changes – specifically, whether/how AVs will influence individuals to change residential location and the number of cars in the household. We hypothesize that AVs could act in concert with attitudinal preferences to stimulate changes in these long-term decisions, and that some medium-term activity changes triggered by AVs could motivate people to relocate their residence or shed household vehicles. We applied exploratory factor analysis to measure the perceived likelihood that AVs would prompt various medium-term changes. We then included some of those measures, among other variables, in a cross-nested logit (CNL) model of the choice of the residential location/vehicle ownership bundle. Although more than half of respondents expected “no change” in their bundle, we found that younger, lower income, pro-suburban, and pro-non-car-mode individuals were more likely to anticipate changing their selections. In addition, some expected medium-term impacts of AVs influenced changes in these longer-term choices. We further applied the CNL model to two population segments (Atlanta and non-Atlanta-region residents). We found notable improvement in goodness of fit and different effects of factors across segments, signifying the existence of geography-related taste heterogeneity.     

船舶建造工程变更对成本的影响因素分析

船舶建造工程属于复杂系统工程,多发的工程变更为系统增加了更多的不确定性。文章以系统动力学理论为基础,从成本管理视角,通过对船舶建造工程变更对成本影响的因果分析,建立了工程变更系统动力学成本模型,并利用Vensim软件对模型进行了仿真,实现了复杂问题的定量化研究。文章的研究结果为企业进行工程变更决策提供有用的参考。     

型钢水泥土构件界面粘结应力试验研究

为研究型钢水泥土复合构件中型钢与水泥土之间的相互作用,进行了型钢水泥土复合构件在型钢受轴向拉力作用下的室内试验,得到了粘结应力沿构件全长的分布规律和构件内某点粘结力的变化规律。证明在试验所用的水泥土强度条件下,型钢与水泥土有效锚固长度为构件全长,且构件破坏时锚固长度内各点均达到极限粘结应力。     

浅谈大学生党员如何保持先进性

大学生党员保持先进性对于党和国家事业的发展具有深远的历史意义,他们应当紧密联系自身的实际,增强与时俱进、求真务实、责任服务的意识;努力加强理论学习、专业学习、思想修养,不断提高觉悟、增强本领和提升人生境界。同时,还应当创新思路出发,努力形成大学生党员保持先进性教育的长效机制。     

城市轨道交通项目竣工环保自主验收主要问题研究

建设项目竣工环保验收由生态环境部门负责调整为建设单位自主验收后,分析城市轨道交通行业竣工环保验收可能面临的重大变动未履行环评程序、环保措施弱化引起居民投诉、验收标准复杂难选、文物和历史建筑保护要求各异、施工期环境影响大、责任主体转换后面临监管加强等主要困难和问题,并从提高行业竣工环保自主验收质量的角度,指出建设单位应充分认识自身的环保责任主体,加强施工期环境管理,对照新标准要求提前做好应对及防护,及时解决居民的合理环保诉求,开展跟踪研究和环境影响后评价。     

高速列车隧道车内外压力变化的实车试验

基于350 km·h^-1中国标准动车组在大西高铁科学试验段的实车试验,结合压力保护阀工作状态,研究了列车通过试验段全程的车内外压力变化特征,分析了隧道长度、线路坡度、隧道群和列车速度对车内外压力变化的影响;针对EN 14067-5—2010中实车试验最大压力变化量的估算方法和TB/T 3250—2010中“整车车内可构成一个气压密封舱”的条文进行了实测数据验证,研究了整车气密效率的变化特征以及其与车内压力舒适性的关系。分析结果表明：EN 14067-5—2010中车外压力峰值计算方法得出的结果与实测数据存在较大差异,对其中列车和隧道壁面摩擦导致压力变化进行变量替代修正后的计算与实测差异明显减小;在压力保护阀关闭状态下,列车通过大坡度隧道后车内外长时间保持较大压力差;车厢内端门、风挡通过台门、司机室门的关闭几乎不存在气密性效果,整列车内贯通空间可视为一个气压密封舱;头车端和尾车端进入隧道引起的压力变化以及空气与列车和隧道壁面摩擦引起的压力变化与列车速度的平方成正比;整车气密效率随隧道长度的增大呈减小趋势,且其减小会带来车内人员耳部不适的问题。研究成果可为进一步认识高速列车通过隧道车内外压力变化特征和国内外相关试验标准的进一步完善提供支撑。     

诱发电位信号分析处理技术及进展

在综述诱发电位信号分析处理技术进展的基础上下解分析研究了外界附加刺激条件下诱发电位信号波形形态变化和潜伏期变化的估计测定方法，并给出了相应的研究结果。     

动力定位中跟踪环境力突变的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波

无迹卡尔曼滤波可以在状态估计中滤去噪声干扰,已经被广泛应用于动力定位系统中.针对复杂海洋情况下动力定位系统需要准确、及时地估计当前时刻的状态而无迹卡尔曼滤波无法跟踪状态突变的问题,为此文章提出了一种自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波.通过及时判断状态值突变并适当调整后验均方差矩阵,可有效地跟踪船舶状态并减小实际位置与定点位置的偏差.仿真实验证明了算法的有效性.     

Contribution of supposed wave condition on the long-term distribution of a wave-induced load

This report is concerned with the statistical analysis of the long-term distribution of a wave-induced load, and examines which factors influence the long-term distribution of the load level, e.g., the significant wave height, the mean wave period of the supposed wave condition, and the relative angle between the ship's course and the wave direction. The long-term distribution is broken down into these factors, and a contribution rate analysis method for each factor in each load level in the long-term distribution is introduced. Based on the method used, the contribution rate of a specific mean wave period and a wave angle encountered is clarified, when the long-term distribution is larger than other wave periods and wave angles. The specific mean wave period and wave angle encountered are defined as the wave condition which governs the long-term distribution. The maximum wave-induced load in the vicinity of a probability of exceedance of around 10⁻⁸ in the long-term distribution is decided by the most severe short-term wave condition which has the largest significant wave height with a specific mean wave period. Based on S–N curves and Miner's rule, the relation between the fatigue damage and the supposed wave condition is examined. The contribution rate analysis method for fatigue damage is introduced. The governing wave condition and the most severe short-term wave condition also have an important effect on the fatigue damage. A simple estimation method for the long-term distribution, described by the Weibull distribution from the statistical properties of the most severe short-term wave condition, is introduced. Several examples show the applicability of the estimation method. Received: November 22, 2001 / Accepted: January 9, 2002