内河钢质船舶完工总纵强度的校核

《钢质内河船舶建造规范》(2009)引入了用理论计算方法对船舶总纵强度进行校核,船舶空船重量及空船重量沿船长方向分布的变化对船舶总纵强度的影响在所难免。通过对多艘不同类型船舶的完工总纵强度核算,笔者统计发现由空船重量及其沿船长分布的变化在一定范围内引起的各种应力仍能满足规范要求的。     

Progressive collapse analysis of ship hull girders subjected to extreme cyclic bending

This paper introduces a novel analytical method to predict the buckling collapse behaviour of a ship hull girder subjected to several cycles of extreme load. This follows the general principles of the established simplified progressive collapse method with an extended capability to re-formulate the load-shortening curve of structural components to account for cyclic degradation. The method provides a framework for assessing residual hull girder strength following a complex series of unusually extreme load events where the wave induced bending moment rises close to, or even surpasses, the monotonic ultimate strength. These load events may be sequential, such as might be caused by a series of storm waves, or they may occur as a collection of discrete events occurring over a longer period. The extreme cyclic bending amplifies the distortion and residual stress initially induced by fabrication in the flanges of the girder, which results in a deterioration of the residual ultimate strength. Validation is firstly completed through a comparison with previously published experimental work and secondly via comparison with numerical simulation on four ship-type box girders using the nonlinear finite element method.     

现役散货船纵向构件蚀耗率的概率估算

该文以现役散货船测厚报告的数据料为基础,设船体纵向件的蚀耗率为服从威布尔分布的随顶变量,对其数字特征进行估算,并以其频率近似概率,给出了各构件蚀耗率的概率密度曲线、概率率分布曲线及超概率分布曲线。结合参考文献提供的数据,计算出了外板和内底板蚀耗率的均值随船龄变化曲线,从而为船体结构的强度评估和寿命预测提供了有益的参考依据。     

公路隧道多竖井送排式通风计算方法与实践

文章从公路隧道纵向通风计算特点分析入手,根据流体的连续性原理对单竖井送排式通风计算公式进行了扩展,提出了多竖井送排式通风计算方法,利用这种方法能够求出多竖井送排式通风中各段隧道最经济的设计风量,通过编程并实施,证明其具有很大的实用价值。     

纵向通风隧道防灾疏散设计问题探讨

文章针对交通隧道防灾设计存在的问题进行分析,提出了一些解决方案,可供今后的设计参考。     

拓宽旧水泥混凝土路面板纵向断裂成因机理分析

基于301国道阿城(刘秀屯)至亚布力段和同三公路哈尔滨至方正段的多处水泥混凝土路面板纵向断裂试验研究,分析了拓宽旧路面各结构层,如垫层对基层及基层对板体不均匀支承的分布规律和成因特征,并据此建立模型,应用有限元方法对不同车辆荷载作用下板体内最大弯拉应力进行求解。计算结果表明,水泥混凝土路面板下基层的近条带状不均匀支承是造成水泥混凝土路面板纵向断裂的重要原因。     

中小跨度长联连续梁桥桥上无缝线路纵向力的研究

针对固定墩组和拉压连接器两种桥梁结构,分析计算长联连续梁桥无缝线路纵向力。根据桥梁、钢轨的相互作用关系,建立纵向力计算模型,应用该模型,分析比较了桥梁联长、桥墩刚度以及轮轨粘着系数对纵向力的影响。根据附加纵向力的大小以及长钢轨伸缩位移量,提出了长联连续梁的最大联长,在连续梁中间设置钢轨伸缩调节器时,固定墩组桥梁体系连续梁联长应小于500m～600m,拉压连接器桥梁体系连续梁联长应小于1000m～1200m。研究结果表明,桥上无缝线路长钢轨的附加纵向力与桥墩的刚度有关,刚度减小,长钢轨的附加纵向力增加,对桥上无缝线路的强度和稳定性不利,根据长钢轨附加制动力的大小,提出了不同联长的连续梁桥墩刚度的最小限值。     

Analyzing year-to-year changes in public transport passenger behaviour using smart card data

In recent years, there has been increased interest in using completely anonymized data from smart card collection systems to better understand the behavioural habits of public transport passengers. Such an understanding can benefit urban transport planners as well as urban modelling by providing simulation models with realistic mobility patterns of transit networks. In particular, the study of temporal activities has elicited substantial interest. In this regard, a number of methods have been developed in the literature for this type of analysis, most using clustering approaches. This paper presents a two-level generative model that applies the Gaussian mixture model to regroup passengers based on their temporal habits in their public transportation usage. The strength of the proposed methodology is that it can model a continuous representation of time instead of having to employ discrete time bins. For each cluster, the approach provides typical temporal patterns that enable easy interpretation. The experiments are performed on five years of data collected by the Société de transport de l’Outaouais. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in identifying a reduced set of passenger clusters linked to their fare types. A five-year longitudinal analysis also shows the relative stability of public transport usage.     

小水线面双体船纵向运动稳定性的简化判据及分析

本文根据劳斯判据分析了小水线面双体船（SWATH）静水纵向运动方程的稳定性，给出了适合于工程应用的纵向运动稳定性简化判据和临界巡航速度的计算方法。通过对三艘SWATH的实例计算，讨论了船形以及鳍的尺度、纵向位置和组合形式的变化对纵向运动稳定性的影响，提出了一种较完善的提高SWATH纵向运动稳定性的途径。     

公路几何设计与交通安全

论述了公路几何设计对交通安全的重要性,从平面、纵断面、横断面、平纵横组合及视距等方面对安全做了分别阐述。