瑞雷波技术在巨粒土路基中的应用研究综述

在对瑞雷面波勘探技术及其在工程中的应用现状回顾的基础上,剖析了瑞雷面波频散曲线正、反演方法的进展及存在问题,提出了通过理论模型和试验测得巨粒土路基中瑞雷波的传播速度,根据波速和路基强度的相关性,建立横波波速与巨粒土路基变形指标之间的关系的思路,从全新的角度评价巨粒土路基的填筑情况,建立相应的变形控制指标,把路基不均匀沉降控制、路面设计指标与质量检测评价指标有机地联系起来,使路基施工、路面设计理论上升到新的理论高度,将是其发展趋势。     

基于管片错台的通缝拼装盾构隧道纵向变形安全评估

以上海软土地区通缝拼装地铁盾构隧道为研究对象,根据隧道管片环缝接头处的详细构造,对管片错台模式下的隧道纵向变形进行了研究,建立了隧道纵向结构变形安全评估方法,确定了相应的控制准则和评估流程,形成了一套隧道结构纵向变形的安全评估体系.     

基于截面力设定的纵梁轻量化半经验设计

采用半经验方法,通过分析同级对标车型的纵梁各断面通过力,获得了纵梁通过力的设计目标;根据本文提出的薄壁管梁压溃力公式,反推出纵梁所采用的尺寸、材料;根据结构轻量化原则,在概念设计阶段确定了纵梁的最优设计参数。通过对碰撞加速度、吸能盒、纵梁的试验与仿真结果对比可知,本文所提设计方法合理有效。     

Evolution of latent modal captivity and mode choice patterns for commuting trips: A longitudinal analysis using repeated cross-sectional datasets

This paper presents an investigation of the temporal evolution of commuting mode choice preference structures. It contributes to two specific modelling issues: latent modal captivity and working with multiple repeated crossectional datasets. In this paper latent modal captivity refers to captive reliance on a specific mode rather than all feasible modes. Three household travel survey datasets collected in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) over a ten-year time period are used for empirical modelling. Datasets collected in different years are pooled and separate year-specific scale parameters and coefficients of key variables are estimated for different years. The empirical model clearly explains that there have been significant changes in latent modal captivity and the mode choice preference structures for commuting in the GTHA. Changes have occurred in the unexplained component of latent captivities, in transportation cost perceptions, and in the scales of commuting mode choice preferences. The empirical model also demonstrates that pooling multiple repeated cross-sectional datasets is an efficient way of capturing behavioural changes over time. Application of the proposed mode choice model for practical policy analysis and forecasting will ensure accurate forecasting and an enhanced understanding of policy impacts.     

辽宁滨海公路潮差侵蚀路段路基顶面标高的推算方法

结合辽宁省滨海公路填海路基的实际情况,分析了确定受潮差影响路段路基顶面标高的主要影响因素,提出了滨海公路路基顶面标高的推算方法,并结合实际工程给出应用案例.     

基于余度概念的受损船体总纵剩余强度预报

基于作者提出的结构余度概率衡准，并通过对船体构件损伤模型与船体总纵强度可靠性计算模型的讨论，本文建立了一个合理而筒便的受损船体总纵剩余强度预报方法。     

基于希尔伯特变换的应力波波速估计的研究

研究基于希尔伯特变换的时间延迟估计方法及其算法,算法通过MATLAB语言编程实现。制作了4块混凝土板并在其上开展基于冲击反射法的双传感器波速测量实验,将互相关时延估计和希尔伯特变换时延估计应用到波速估计中,两者均能解决直接观察法中的人为误差的影响和噪声对测量精度的影响,取得比较满意的结果,希尔伯特变换时延估计得到的波速精度比互相关时延估计得到的波速估计精度更高。     

Fatigue damage estimation in non-linear systems using a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and the First Order Reliability Method

For non-linear systems the estimation of fatigue damage under stochastic loadings can be rather time-consuming. Usually Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is applied, but the coefficient-of-variation (COV) can be large if only a small set of simulations can be done due to otherwise excessive CPU time. The reason is that the fatigue damage estimation is very sensitive to the largest values from the simulations. The paper suggests the additional use of the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) to get a better estimation of the tail in the distribution of the estimated fatigue damage and thereby reducing the COV. For a specific example dealing with stresses in a tendon in a tension leg platform the COV is thereby reduced by a factor of three.     

Sea state estimation based on vessel motion responses: Improved smoothness and robustness using Bézier surface and L1 optimization

Floating structures oscillate in waves, where these wave-induced motions may be critical for various marine operations. An important consideration is thereby given to the sea states at the planning and operating stages for an offshore project. The most important information extracted from a sea state is the directional wave spectrum, indicating wave direction, significant wave height, and wave spectrum peak period. Among several available methods of measuring and estimating the directional wave spectrum, the wave buoy analogy technique based on vessel motion responses is an in situ and almost real-time solution without extra costs of devices. If the forms of the wave spectra are not predefined in the estimation, the method is called a nonparametric approach. Its most remarkable advantage is the flexible form, but the smoothness should be regulated. After the discrete Fourier transform has been applied to the measured vessel motions, smoothing is necessary. However, this process results in disturbed vessel cross-spectra and a lowpass characteristic of the windowing function. This paper presents a nonparametric approach for directional wave spectrum estimation based on vessel motion responses. It introduces novel smoothness constraints using Bézier surface and includes a more robust estimate using L1 optimization. Both techniques are applied to the wave buoy analogy for the first time. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.     

Experimental study of freak wave impacts on a tension-leg platform

This study investigates the freak wave impinging on a tension-leg platform through wave flume experiments. The freak waves are generated using the focused wave theory. By adjusting the wave focusing location, different incident wave scenarios at the structure location are produced. Simultaneous measurements of wave shape evolutions upon impingement, wave impact pressures on the platform deck, platform motions and tether forces are carried out for synchronized analyses of the wave kinematics/dynamics and structural responses. The variation of these parameters with the incident wave profile is studied. It is found that although applying less intensive local impact pressures as compared to the highly-breaking freak wave, the slightly-breaking or non-breaking freak wave imposes the same level of adverse effect on the platform's global stability in terms of motions and tether forces. In addition, the high-crest freak wave causes violent motions of the floating platform, which are likely to induce snap loads of large amplitude and high occurrence frequency in tethers. The published results would provide useful benchmarks for validating numerical and analytical models.