Optimally combined headway and timetable reliable public transport system

This paper presents a model-based multiobjective control strategy to reduce bus bunching and hence improve public transport reliability. Our goal is twofold. First, we define a proper model, consisting of multiple static and dynamic components. Bus-following model captures the longitudinal dynamics taking into account the interaction with the surrounding traffic. Furthermore, bus stop operations are modeled to estimate dwell time. Second, a shrinking horizon model predictive controller (MPC) is proposed for solving bus bunching problems. The model is able to predict short time-space behavior of public transport buses enabling constrained, finite horizon, optimal control solution to ensure homogeneity of service both in time and space. In this line, the goal with the selected rolling horizon control scheme is to choose a proper velocity profile for the public transport bus such that it keeps both timetable schedule and a desired headway from the bus in front of it (leading bus). The control strategy predicts the arrival time at a bus stop using a passenger arrival and dwell time model. In this vein, the receding horizon model predictive controller calculates an optimal velocity profile based on its current position and desired arrival time. Four different weighting strategies are proposed to test (i) timetable only, (ii) headway only, (iii) balanced timetable - headway tracking and (iv) adaptive control with varying weights. The controller is tested in a high fidelity traffic simulator with realistic scenarios. The behavior of the system is analyzed by considering extreme disturbances. Finally, the existence of a Pareto front between these two objectives is also demonstrated.     

用ALE法数值模拟MPC排气系统的三维流动

用任意拉格朗日──欧拉（ＡＬＥ）法模拟ＭＰＣ模件三分支联接的流动,解决了三分支联接区域的三维贴体网格生成问题。利用激光多普勒测速仪测量了矩形截面三分支联接实验件的三维速度场,验证了所编程序的可靠性。以某型发动机的ＭＰＣ排气系统为例,数值模拟了ＭＰＣ模件三分支联接的三维定常湍流流场,从获得的流动特性分析了引起排气能量传递损失的主要因素。     

涡轮增压柴油机MPC增压系统优化设计

采用GT-POWER软件建立某V8涡轮增压柴油机模型,并进行试验校核。使用试验设计模块(DOE)选取对柴油机动力性能影响最大的MPC增压系统结构参数,并采用优化设计模块(Optimizer)确定结构参数。通过对采用定压、脉冲、MPC3种增压系统的柴油机外特性的仿真计算与对比,发现MPC增压系统能够实现柴油机全转速范围内燃油消耗的最优化。从涡轮前排气压力波形可以看出,设计的MPC增压系统改善了1缸和2缸之间的排气干涉。