Ocean Citizenship: An Emergent Geographical Concept

Ocean citizenship describes a relationship between our everyday lives and the health of the coastal and marine environment. Through our everyday lives we affect, and are affected by, the marine and coastal environment in numerous ways. As such, individuals have a responsibility to make informed lifestyle choices to minimize this impact. In doing so, the actions of individuals can contribute to the amelioration of large-scale and seemingly insurmountable geographical problems. This article outlines the concept of ocean citizenship within the context of the public understanding of marine environmental issues. The article draws heavily on the experience of the National Maritime Museum as an important contributor to the development of ocean citizenship in the United Kingdom. Specifically, the Planet Ocean initiative will be examined, in which the Museum has adopted a multimodal approach to public engagement through exhibitions, educational resources, and specific research publications. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of geography in the development and sustainability of ocean citizenship.     

Coastal Management and Economic Development in Developed Nations: The Forth Estuary Forum

This article considers the issue of economic development as a component of coastal management initiatives in developed countries, focusing on the Forth Estuary Forum as a case study. The evolution of coastal management into integrated coastal management is briefly considered, as is the context of the Scottish coastal management system and a brief discussion of the variations between the different legal systems within the UK. The current hurdles to economic development and the views of developers and economic agencies being considered in the coastal management process itself are highlighted, illustrating the process of integration and the current voluntary regime in the UK, particularly in the Forth Estuary Forum. The article concludes that economic development issues must be taken seriously if coastal management is to be integrated and inclusive.     

Initiatives in Philippine Coastal Management: An Overview

Standardized and free-format questionnaires on the state of coastal management were fielded to coastal management practitioners during three workshops and a national feedback and recommendation workshop. The most commonly cited responses were identified for each of 13 political regions and overall trends were identified. Management frameworks frequently included research, community organizing, education, livelihood, resource enhancement, resource protection, regulation, and networking components. Gender issues, documentation, and infrastructure investment were rare. The most commonly perceived environmental problem was illegal/ destructive fishing and its associated overfishing and low fish catch. The most commonly cited socioeconomic problem was the inadequacy of law enforcement. The best monitored variables were usually those related to environmental management: status and change of habitats, resources, and degree of enforcement/patrolling activities. The most common nonregulatory enhancement, aside from environmental education (which is the most popular), was mangrove reforestation. In terms of regulations, the majority of the respondents have reportedly formulated an integrated coastal management plan. In practice, regulating destructive and illegal fishing practices and then the establishment of fish sanctuaries are the next most implemented. The most popular quality-of-life enhancement strategies focused on the improvement of sustainable fishing as a livelihood and on a variety of supplementary livelihoods. The most usual institutional intervention being implemented was the setting up of local community people's organizations. Major factors which may influence success or failure of coastal management and recommendations on research, community organizing and livelihood, legislation and policies, implementation and coordination, and networking are also summarized.     

粉煤灰水泥搅拌桩群桩整体质量评价方法研究

水泥搅拌桩广泛应用于各类工程建设中,在搅拌桩的设计及施工方面积累了丰富的经验,然而在搅拌桩施工质量检测技术及评价方法方面研究较少,尤其对于粉煤灰水泥搅拌桩群桩整体质量评价方面缺少研究。淮盐高速公路软土路段大量采用粉煤灰搅拌桩,搅拌桩质量评价构成施工中的一个重要问题,为了进一步完善现有水泥搅拌桩质量评价方法,结合淮盐高速公路建设实践,运用数学方法对搅拌桩单桩及整体质量评价指标选取、评价方法体系进行系统研究,得出了基于单桩质量的群桩整体质量概率评价模型。     

加强高速公路勘察设计的监督管理

文章结合隆林-百色高速公路工程实践,针对当前高速公路勘察设计存在的问题,提出业主在勘察设计工作的监督管理上应采取的做法和措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

汽车传动系最优匹配评价指标的探讨

本文探讨了汽车动力传动系统最优匹配的评价指标,提出了动力性发挥程度的评价指标——驱动功率损失率、经济性发挥程度的评价指标——有效效率利用率、用能量效率指标来统一汽车动力性与燃油经济性指标,并以上述三个指标作为动力传动系统最优匹配的评价指标。     

救护车卧姿乘员受振舒适性的评价研究

为合理地分析和评价救护车卧姿乘员的受振舒适性，开展了卧姿人体全身振动暴露的舒适性试验研究。通过对１３名志愿受试者３００多人次的试验，得到了卧姿人体全身振动暴露１ｍｉｎ降低舒适性的阈限，并据此导出了１６ｍｉｎ、２５ｍｉｎ、１ｈ、２．５ｈ、４ｈ、８ｈ、１６ｈ和２４ｈ对应的降低舒适性界限。建立了相应的舒适性评价方法，将其应用于某野战急救车的卧姿舒适性评价，取得了较好的效果。     

公路沥青路面使用性能灰色综合评估

公路在交通荷载和自然环境的共同作用下，路面使用性能会随着时间推移而日益衰减，从而直接影响车辆的行驶速度和运输的安全性、经济型和舒适性。为了评估和预测路面使用性能状况，便于进行科学地养护和管理，文章系统地提出了公路沥青路面使用性能评价的指标体系和分级标准，建立了沥青路面使用性能灰色综合评价模型。最后，结合选取路段的实测数据与规范推荐评价方法进行了应用与对比分析。     

工程机械组群动态组织与集成管理系统研究

阐述了工程机械组群动态组织与集成管理系统的组成，特点和发展趋势，分析了系统的技术关键发及技术性能，确定了系统的构成方案，详细探讨了各功能单元的结合关系以及系统的社会，经济效益。     

汽车操纵稳定性的模拟器闭环评价与试验方法

本文以汽车操纵稳定性的闭环评价为目的，利用吉林大学汽车动态模拟国家重点实验室的开发型驾驶模拟器（ADSL驾驶拟器）进行了汽车操纵稳定性的闭环试验研究。提出汽车操纵稳定性的评价应是包含驾驶员在内的闭环系统评价，并建立了汽车操纵稳定性的模拟器闭环试验方法，利用模拟器试验对汽车操纵稳定性综合评价指标的合理性进行了验证。