隧道冒顶塌方的结构稳定性分析及处治措施

文章基于河南某隧道工程的冒顶塌方情况及其主客观原因,通过建立有限元数值分析模型,模拟分析了隧道通过冒顶塌方段的结构稳定性及施工力学行为,并提出了相应的处治措施,为今后隧道的冒顶塌方施工提供了依据。     

The melting Arctic and its impact on China’s maritime transport

The shrinking of Arctic ice triggers off a new round of competition and dispute in this region, among traditional Arctic states and non-Arctic actors. Like its East Asia neighbours, China sees the melting Arctic Ocean a unique opportunity for itself and international trade generally. The changing physical landscape of the Arctic region will certainly have a major impact on China’s economic future which is very dependent on international shipping. This paper assesses the impact of the ice-free Arctic on the development of marine transport industry in China. The author discusses the potential new routes with the Arctic’s melting and the opportunities that it brings to China’s maritime transportation industry. Challenges that China faces in future shipping through the Arctic will be also addressed from political, legal, economic and environmental dimensions, followed by a preliminary exploration of ways to solution of these challenges.     

相似理论在水下爆炸冲击波载荷中的应用

以相似理论为基础,采用数值仿真试验的方法,探讨舰船结构遭受水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用时的动响应相似性问题。以某型舰原型作为基准模型,根据实际工程需要对舰船进行缩比仿真试验。原型有限元模型与缩比试验有限元模型数值结果表明:通过试验模型可以准确预测原型结构遭受水下爆炸冲击波时的动响应特性,将几何相似律应用到水下爆炸冲击波载荷相似性研究中是可行的。     

福建兴化湾近岸地貌特征与泥沙来源分析

在现场地貌调查及沉积物取样分析的基础上,对兴化湾的自然条件、沉积特征、泥沙来源及运移趋势进行了分析。判明石城岛以西水下沉积物以粘土质粉砂分布为主,泥沙粒径在0.01 mm左右,为河流下泄泥沙沉积为主。石城岛以东局部区域沉积物质为极粗砂,为近岸山体及浅滩冲蚀物质沉积为主。兴化湾的泥沙主要为河流输沙,其次是周边沿岸冲蚀入海物质及岬角岛礁受风浪侵蚀泥沙。由于湾外涨、落潮流路的稳定和潮流动力的强劲,湾内水深地形与潮流动力有很好的对应性和稳定性,泥沙运动仅限于湾内泥沙的再搬运。     

Modeling road traffic fatalities in India: Smeed's law,time invariance and regional specificity

Mathematical formulations linking road traffic fatalities to vehicle ownership, regional population, and economic growth continue to be developed against the backdrop of Smeed and Andreassen models. Though a few attempts were made, Smeed's law has not been fully tested in India. Using the 1991–2009 panel data from all states, this work (a) developed the generalized Smeed and Andreassen models; (b) evaluated if traffic fatalities were impacted by structural changes; and (c) examined if – in relation to the generalized model – the individual (time and regional) models are more relevant for application. Seven models (Smeed: original, generalized, time-variant, state-variant; and Andreassen: generalized, time-variant, state-variant) were developed and tested for fit with the actual data. Results showed that the per vehicle fatality rate closely resembled Smeed's formulation. Chow-test yielded a significant F-stat, suggesting that the models for four pre-defined time-blocks are structurally different from the 19-year generalized model. The counterclockwise rotation of the log-linear form also suggested lower fatality rates. While the new government policies, reduced vehicle operating speeds, better healthcare, and improved vehicle technology could be the factors, further research is required to understand the reasons for fatality rate reductions. The intercept and gradients of the time-series models showed high stability and varied only slightly in comparison to the 19-year generalized models, thus suggesting that the latter are pragmatic for application. Regional formulations, however, indicate that they may be more relevant for studying trends and tendencies. This research illustrates the robustness of Smeed's law, and provides evidence for time-invariance but state-specificity.     

4135柴油机配气系统故障一例剖析

对一台4135柴油机配气系统气门摇臂折断故障现象进行了原因分析、诊断排除的描述,并对出现此类故障可能产生的故障点进行了剖析。     

不同土性下L型挡土墙土压力研究

运用有限元法对L型挡土墙在不同土性的填土情况下分层逐级填筑进行了模拟,重点分析了填料强度对土压力的影响、挡墙基底应力分布情况和材料刚度对墙体受力的影响规律,结果表明:当砂性填土φ＞30°,墙背水平侧压力将趋于相等; 粘性填土c＞20 kPa时,墙背水平侧压力不再受φ值影响而趋于相等;无论是砂土还是粘土,当填土材料强度达到一定程度时,其挡墙外部检算安全系数将在一个稳定值附近波动,墙背土体未达到极限平衡状态;挡墙基底应力分布呈“马鞍形”,基底平均应力［σ］＜140 kPa;地基刚度对土压力影响比填料小。     

海洋观课程的创新与实践

从开展海洋观课程创新与实践的针对性、紧迫性、目的性、阶段性等方面,论述了开设海洋观课程的基本认识.指出航海院校,应该让海洋观和海洋意识教育正式进入大学生的课堂,当好海洋观和海洋意识教育的标兵.     

论债务人在保证法律关系中的权利

按《担保法》等我国现行法津的规定，保证合同只要有保证人和债权人达成合意即告成立直至生效，而不以债务人同意为成立和生效的必要条件。本对此项制度提出质疑，并依据有关法理就改进和完善这一制度提出了对策和设想。     

艰辛的探索，可贵的贡献——纪念毛泽东《读〈政治经济学教科书〉谈话》40周年

40年后 ,重读《读〈政治经济学教科书〉谈话》,学习其中一系列卓越的见解 ,对继承和发展毛泽东思想、全面推进建设有中国特色的社会主义的伟大事业 ,具有重大的现实意义。