A competing Markov model for cracking prediction on civil structures

Cracks on the surface of civil structures (e.g. pavement sections, concrete structures) progress in several formations and under different deterioration mechanisms. In monitoring practice, it is often that cracking type with its worst damage level is selected as a representative condition state, while other cracking types and their damage levels are neglected in records, remaining as hidden information. Therefore, the practice in monitoring has a potential to conceal with a bias selection process, which possibly result in not optimal intervention strategies. In overcoming these problems, our paper presents a non-homogeneous Markov hazard model, with competing hazard rates. Cracking condition states are classified in three types (longitudinal crack, horizontal crack, and alligator crack), with three respective damage levels. The dynamic selection of cracking condition states are undergone a competing process of cracking types and damage levels. We apply a numerical solution using Bayesian estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to solve the problem of high-order integration of complete likelihood function. An empirical study on a data-set of Japanese pavement system is presented to demonstrate the applicability and contribution of the model.     

Daily activity pattern recognition by using support vector machines with multiple classes

The focus of this paper is to learn the daily activity engagement patterns of travelers using Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a modeling approach that is widely used in Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning. It is postulated that an individual’s choice of activities depends not only on socio-demographic characteristics but also on previous activities of individual on the same day. In the paper, Markov Chain models are used to study the sequential choice of activities. The dependencies among activity type, activity sequence and socio-demographic data are captured by employing hidden Markov models. In order to learn model parameters, we use sequential multinomial logit models (MNL) and multiclass Support Vector Machines (K-SVM) with two different dependency structures. In the first dependency structure, it is assumed that type of activity at time ‘t’ depends on the last previous activity and socio-demographic data, whereas in the second structure we assume that activity selection at time ‘t’ depends on all of the individual’s previous activity types on the same day and socio-demographic characteristics. The models are applied to data drawn from a set of California households and a comparison of the accuracy of estimation of activity types and their sequence in the agenda, indicates the superiority of K-SVM models over MNL. Additionally, we show that accuracy in estimating activity patterns increases using different sets of explanatory variables or tuning parameters of the kernel function in K-SVM.     

基于浮动车速度波动特征的交通状态识别

为实现路段交通状态的准确判别,解决单参数无法直接识别道路交通状态问题,本文利用高频浮动车速度数据,使用灰度共生矩阵特征值对比度和逆方差表示车辆行驶的波动特征。基于城市道路交通状态变化的动态性与连续性,围绕固定时间窗口内车辆的平均车速、对比度和逆方差,采用FCM (Fuzzy c-means)算法进行聚类分析,得到畅通、平稳、拥挤和阻塞这4种状态阈值。提出基于多维高斯隐马尔可夫模型的交通状态识别方法,分别以3,5,6 min固定时间窗口训练模型。模型状态转移矩阵表明,时间窗口越小其保持原有交通状态的可能性越大,时间窗口越大交通状态突变的可能性越大。使用不同序列长度对比3种时间窗口在测试集中的识别精度,结果表明,随着序列长度的变化,精度显示出先升高后降低的趋势,且固定时间窗口越大,不同序列长度的识别精度变化越均匀。最后利用5 min固定时间窗口划分数据使用本文方法和支持向量机以及随机森林分别进行道路交通状态识别,综合精度分别为92.00%、84.89%、88.48%,同时本文方法在查准率、召回率和F1度量(F1-score)指标均优于其他两个模型,说明道路车速的波动特征可以很好地反映道路交...     

Driving cycle prediction model based on bus route features

Bus fuel economy is deeply influenced by the driving cycles, which vary for different route conditions. Buses optimized for a standard driving cycle are not necessarily suitable for actual driving conditions, and, therefore, it is critical to predict the driving cycles based on the route conditions. To conveniently predict representative driving cycles of special bus routes, this paper proposed a prediction model based on bus route features, which supports bus optimization. The relations between 27 inter-station characteristics and bus fuel economy were analyzed. According to the analysis, five inter-station route characteristics were abstracted to represent the bus route features, and four inter-station driving characteristics were abstracted to represent the driving cycle features between bus stations. Inter-station driving characteristic equations were established based on the multiple linear regression, reflecting the linear relationships between the five inter-station route characteristics and the four inter-station driving characteristics. Using kinematic segment classification, a basic driving cycle database was established, including 4704 different transmission matrices. Based on the inter-station driving characteristic equations and the basic driving cycle database, the driving cycle prediction model was developed, generating drive cycles by the iterative Markov chain for the assigned bus lines. The model was finally validated by more than 2 years of acquired data. The experimental results show that the predicted driving cycle is consistent with the historical average velocity profile, and the prediction similarity is 78.69%. The proposed model can be an effective way for the driving cycle prediction of bus routes.     

太平洋航线集装箱货流量GM(1,1)-马尔可夫链预测方法探讨

运用灰色系统理论对太平洋航线集装箱货流量进行定量预测,并结合马尔可夫预测方法对航线运量进行定性分析,达到定量与定性预测相结合的目的,使预测结果更加合理。采用马尔可夫链划分系统的状态,得出状态转移概率矩阵,分析了太平洋航线集装箱货流量的发展变化区间并预测集装箱航运市场的发展前景。     

采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型预测古树屋边坡变形

基于预测拟合值和实际监测值的相对误差划分不同的预测状态,利用马尔可夫链对灰色GM(1,1)预测值进行修正,计算得到边坡变形的范围和相应的预测值。以古树屋开挖边坡为研究对象,利用耦合模型对其变形进行预测,得到边坡的变形预测值为57.006 0 mm,预测的变形范围大小在56.845 8～61.755 4 mm之间。实例分析结果表明:与线性回归模型以及单纯灰色模型预测结果比较,采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型对开挖边坡变形进行预测的结果精度较好,且能较准确地预测边坡变形大小的范围。     

基于灰色马尔科夫模型的重庆市水运货运量的预测*

通过对重庆水运发展现状的研究,根据马尔科夫理论及灰色预测模型,将灰色GM模型与马尔科夫状态转移矩阵相结合,建立了预测重庆水运货运量的灰色马尔科夫模型,并通过实际预测发现,该模型的预测精度明显高于灰色预测模型的预测结果,并预测了2011—2012年重庆市水运货运量。     

蛋白组演化网络的度分布研究

对已有的蛋白组增长模型作出进一步的探索和拓展,提出了一个新的蛋白组演化网络模型,应用马氏链理论证明了其极限度分布的存在性,进而给出了它的明显表达式.结果表明:所建立的蛋白组演化网络度分布服从幂律分布,从而也是一个无标度网络.该结果对马氏链在蛋白质相互作用网络中的应用具有一定的参考价值.     

基于马尔可夫预测模型的桥梁养护时机研究

文章研究了桥梁技术状况的时变规律,根据模糊评价理论结合马尔可夫过程方法 ,给出了桥梁技术状况和养护费用的预测模型。算例分析表明,该方法可进行桥梁技术状况预测,从而揭示出桥梁技术状况发展规律并预判到潜在的危险,以便在时间和空间上优化分配养护预算,确保桥梁在目标使用期内安全和合理使用。     

重载组合列车分布动力机车重联控制系统无线传输同步性研究

为提高重载组合列车各重联机车无线控制的同步性能,基于800 MHz无线电空间波无线传输模式,建立重载组合列车分布动力机车重联控制无线传输同步性的马尔可夫决策模型,并采用有限阶段向后递归迭代算法进行求解.利用给出的决策模型和算法构建重载组合列车分布动力机车重联无线同步控制系统,并安装于神华线万吨重载组合列车的机车上进行测试.测试结果表明:机车间重联信息无线传输的平均周期仅为2.5s,小于美国GE公司LOCOTROL系统3s的平均周期,能够满足神华线重载组合列车运行的基本要求;采用800 MHz双频点组成双网传输,在无线电波弱场区能克服空间波传输受到干扰的影响,减少延迟时间.