二十烷@二氧化硅复合相变储能材料的热化学性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了正二十烷@二氧化硅复合相变储能材料.其中二十烷为相变主体材料,二氧化硅为基体材料,它能提供较强的结构强度,防止二十烷在熔化时发生泄漏现象.实验表明,在该复合材料中,二十烷不发生泄露的最大质量百分比可达到73％.使用红外(IR)、热重(TG)及差示扫描量热(DSC)等多种方法对该复合材料的结构与热性质进行研究.结果表明二十烷的亚甲基与二氧化硅的硅醇基之间有很强界面相互作用,可以改变二十烷的物理性质.该复合材料显示出与纯二十烷不同的相变特性,其储热能力高于二十烷,同时复合材料的热导率和二十烷相比有所增加.     

椒江河口湾海床演变分析

通过分析水文泥沙资料和多年海图资料,研究1931—2004年间椒江河口湾海床演变及其原因。结果表明:1931—1970年,椒江河口湾岸线向海推移、推移速率较快,湾内普遍发生淤积;之后,由于来沙减少、口外两侧滩面减小和海堤的束水作用等原因,河口深槽及口外航道冲刷,其余区域淤积变轻、并趋于床面基本稳定。     

基于BP神经网络的高速公路入口合流区域换道行为研究

为了应对高速公路入口合流区域并线事故频繁发生,在分析车辆并线行为影响因素的基础上,利用BP神经网络方法建立了车辆在该区域的决策模型,用来预测驾驶人的并线行为决策,保障车辆和驾驶人的安全.借助详细的车辆轨迹数据对模型进行了学习与测试,模型的测试结果表明:建立的BP神经网络模型用于预测驾驶人并线行为具有较高的准确度,并线车辆相对于目标车道前方车辆的相对速度是驾驶人并线时需要考虑的最重要因素.同时模型还可以进一步应用于交通仿真的研究以及驾驶人辅助系统的开发.     

纳黔高速公路黑尼大桥变更路基方案研究

针对黑尼大桥修筑中存在的技术困难,采用物探手段对黑尼大桥岩溶发育情况进行勘察.在此基础上,对变更后岩溶路基的稳定性进行分析,并提出路基施工控制需要注意的问题.研究表明,黑尼大桥改为路基方案技术可行、经济节约、施工可控.     

场地地形对地下结构抗震性能的影响

为了研究场地地形对地下结构地震反应的影响,采用有限元数值分析方法,以地基土-地铁站结构体系为研究对象,分析场地地形下土-地下结构体系的地震反应。作为初步研究,主要对水平地震输入下含土坡的单一土层地形展开分析,研究体系的地震反应规律,并探求不同坡度下的土一地下结构体系地震反应变化规律。     

GL6466轻型客车车身结构轻量化优化研究

用梁单元建立了GL6466型轻型客车车身骨架有限元模型,并验证了模型准确性.以车身总质量为目标函数,选取车身骨架主要型材的截面参数为设计变量,以车身弯曲刚度和扭转刚度、关键部位应力、1阶扭转固有频率为约束条件,进行灵敏度分析.根据灵敏度分析结果确定优化设计变量,对该轻型客车车身结构进行优化后,车身总质量减轻8.1％,而...     

Bounded rationality and irreversible network change

A network change is said to be irreversible if the initial network equilibrium cannot be restored by revoking the change. The phenomenon of irreversible network change has been observed in reality. To model this phenomenon, we develop a day-to-day dynamic model whose fixed point is a boundedly rational user equilibrium (BRUE) flow. Our BRUE based approach to modeling irreversible network change has two advantages over other methods based on Wardrop user equilibrium (UE) or stochastic user equilibrium (SUE). First, the existence of multiple network equilibria is necessary for modeling irreversible network change. Unlike UE or SUE, the BRUE multiple equilibria do not rely on non-separable link cost functions, which makes our model applicable to real-world large-scale networks, where well-calibrated non-separable link cost functions are generally not available. Second, travelers’ boundedly rational behavior in route choice is explicitly considered in our model. The proposed model is applied to the Twin Cities network to model the flow evolution during the collapse and reopening of the I-35 W Bridge. The results show that our model can to a reasonable level reproduce the observed phenomenon of irreversible network change.     

Scientific research about climate change mitigation in transport: A critical review

This paper seeks to develop a deeper understanding of the research on climate change mitigation in transport. We suggest that work to date has focused on the effects of improvements in transport technologies, changes in the price of transport, physical infrastructure provision, behavioural change and alternative institutional arrangements for governing transport systems. In terms of research methodologies, positivist and quantitative analysis prevails, although there are signs of experimentation with non-positivist epistemologies and participatory methods. These particular engagements with climate change mitigation reflect mutually reinforcing tendencies within and beyond the academic transport community. We first draw on a revised version of Thomas Kuhn’s philosophy of science to explore the path dependencies within transport studies, which are at least partly responsible for the predisposition towards quantitative modelling and technology, pricing and infrastructure oriented interventions in transport systems. We then employ the governmentality perspective to examine how transport academics’ engagements with climate change mitigation depend on and align with more general understandings of climate change in UK society and beyond. The analysis makes clear that ecological modernisation and neo-liberal governmentality more generally provide the context for the current focus on and belief in technological, behaviour change, and especially market-based mitigation strategies. While current research trajectories are important and insightful, we believe that a deeper engagement with theoretical insights from the social sciences will produce richer understandings of transport mitigation in transport and briefly outline some of the contributions thinking on socio-technical transitions and practice theories can make.     

南京长江大桥的轨道几何状态变化规律的分析

位于京沪线上的南京长江大桥系该线贯通大江南北的主要咽喉.由于其轨道结构的差异,相应的轨道几何状态变化是不一样的.本文采用不平顺幅值和功率谱相对比的方法,综合分析大桥在重载快速行车条件下的轨道几何状态变化规律,为合理制定相应的养修标准提供了技术支持.     

利用遥感影像自动提取变化信息的方法研究

目前土地利用遥感动态监测已进入实用化阶段,但其自动化程度不高,影响作业效率。本文在使用增强法对两时相的遥感影像自动发现变化基础上,结合两时相影像的分类结果,对变化图斑进行类别标记,然后对标记图像进行矢量化、变化信息提取和统计,从而提高变化监测工作中的自动化程度、减轻工作量。