An optimal data-splitting algorithm for aircraft scheduling on a single runway to maximize throughput

In this research, we present a data-splitting algorithm to optimally solve the aircraft sequencing problem (ASP) on a single runway under both segregated and mixed-mode of operation. This problem is formulated as a 0–1 mixed-integer program (MIP), taking into account several realistic constraints, including safety separation standards, wide time-windows, and constrained position shifting, with the objective of maximizing the total throughput. Varied scenarios of large scale realistic instances of this problem, which is NP-hard in general, are computationally difficult to solve with the direct use of commercial solver as well as existing state-of-the-art dynamic programming method. The design of the algorithm is based on a recently introduced data-splitting algorithm which uses the divide-and-conquer paradigm, wherein the given set of flights is divided into several disjoint subsets, each of which is optimized using 0–1 MIP while ensuring the optimality of the entire set. Computational results show that the difficult instances can be solved in real-time and the solution is efficient in comparison to the commercial solver and dynamic programming, using both sequential, as well as parallel, implementation of this pleasingly parallel algorithm.     

基于NFFD 算法的船体几何变形技术

本文以非均匀有理B样条基函数作为参数体属性,并结合非均匀控制点网格,建立了适用于船体几何的NFFD变形技术。重点阐述了NFFD方法的基本原理和变形规则,并以矩阵表示方法为基础构建了数学模型。研究了控制点数量和分布对变形结果的影响,增加了控制点变形几何的能力并获得了更大的设计空间。最后,以某CNG运输船为例完成了球鼻艏、船艏和船艉部分几何的自动变形。本文的工作为船型优化提供了良好的变形工具。     

福州轨道交通建设安全管控平台的设计与应用

福州城市轨道交通建设规模不断增大，复杂的地质、环境条件以及众多工种施工的交叉作业和人员活动，给安全生产带来挑战。针对建设全过程安全管控的具体业务关系和需求分析，梳理和固化工作岗位、职责、流程、响应、整改等安全管理的事项和要求，强化对管控过程的追溯和考核管理。研究信息平台的业务需求、平台架构、网络拓扑、功能模块、数据库设计方法和实现思路，利用Ssm框架、Quartz框架、Encache技术以及SQLServer数据库技术，设计开发基于B/S模式的城市轨道交通安全管控信息系统，应用于在建的5条线路。信息平台的应用，可实现安全管理的标准化、科学化和精细化，极大地提高管理水平和工作效率。     

上海松江区现代有轨电车规划研究

现代有轨电车因其环保、舒适、高效、低造价、高品质等特点,在国际上得到广泛应用,我国多个城市也在规划和建设之中。但是,由于其在国内尚为一种全新的交通方式,没有标准或规范予以指导,规划及设计体系不完善,有些已建项目已呈现问题。文章结合上海松江区规划背景及交通特征,阐述有轨电车示范线T1、T2线的布局规划、建设的必要性及适应性,为即将开展有轨电车规划及建设的城市提供借鉴与参考。     

Residential built environment and walking activity: Empirical evidence of Jane Jacobs’ urban vitality

This study intends to empirically verify Jacobs’ urban vitality theory, which was based on the observations of her New York City neighborhood in the mid-20th century. To examine the relationship between the residential built environment and walking activity, we used telephone survey data consisting of 1823 valid samples from across Seoul, a city characterized by a high population density and a well-established public transportation system. Respondents were asked questions about their residential location, their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and their walking activities. This study then used geographic information systems to measure objective indicators of built environment variables within 500-meter buffer areas based on the home addresses of the respondents. Then, this study constructed multilevel regression models with walking activity as the dependent variable. Our results indicated that walking activity is associated with Jacobs’ six conditions for urban vitality, including land use mix, density, block size, building age, accessibility, and border vacuums.     

Multi-criteria optimization of traffic signals: Mobility,safety, and environment

Two-dimensional multi-objective optimizations have been used for decades for the problems in traffic engineering although only few times so far in the optimization of signal timings. While the other engineering and science disciplines have utilized visualization of 3-dimensional Pareto fronts in the optimization studies, we have not seen many of those concepts applied to traffic signal optimization problems. To bridge the gap in the existing knowledge this study presents a methodology where 3-dimensional Pareto Fronts of signal timings, which are expressed through mobility, (surrogate) safety, and environmental factors, are optimized by use of an evolutionary algorithm. The study uses a segment of 5 signalized intersections in West Valley City, Utah, to test signal timings which provide a balance between mobility, safety and environment. In addition, a set of previous developed signal timing scenarios, including some of the Connected Vehicle technologies such as GLOSA, were conducted to evaluate the quality of the 3-dimensional Pareto front solutions. The results show success of 3-dimensinal Pareto fronts moving towards optimality. The resulting signal timing plans do not show large differences between themselves but all improve on the signal timings from the field, significantly. The commonly used optimization of standard single-objective functions shows robust solutions. The new set of Connected Vehicle technologies also shows promising benefits, especially in the area of reducing inter-vehicular friction. The resulting timing plans from two optimization sets (constrained and unconstrained) show that environmental and safe signal timings coincide but somewhat contradict mobility. Further research is needed to apply similar concepts on a variety of networks and traffic conditions before generalizing findings.     

车用摇枕铸钢件浇冒口切割打磨自动化系统的设计

铸钢件毛坯浇冒口切割及打磨时存在噪音大、弧光强烈、粉尘污染严重,增加了人工操作时的劳动强度,并严重影响操作人员的身体健康。本文针对这些问题,拟以铁路车辆摇枕铸钢件浇冒口切割及打磨为例,提出了单工位打磨、流水线式多工位合作的打磨清理方案,设计了自动化打磨单元,实现机械化、自动化操作,既提高了铸件打磨清理的质量和生产率,又大大改善了工人操作条件,减轻了工人的劳动强度,达到了“以机代人”的目的,对铸钢件实现绿色化乃至智能化生产具有重要意义。     

汽车前照灯闪烁问题分析及设计优化

汽车前照灯是整车照明的重要组成,随着时代的发展,汽车前照灯的设计也越来越简单化、多样化。本文针对某车型项目阶段出现的前照灯闪烁问题,从前照灯的控制逻辑展开,分析故障产生的原因,并研究优化方案。     

BIM技术在铁路预应力混凝土连续梁零号节段深化设计中的应用

近年来,部分铁路预应力混凝土连续梁支座附近出现浇筑不密实、蜂窝麻面等问题,一定程度上影响了连续梁质量。针对这一现状,结合BIM及C#语言技术,从深化设计平台的选择、精细化模型的构建以及BIM技术在深化设计中的应用开展研究。结果表明:(1)通过合理拆分并在空间上进行布尔组合,能够较快构建铁路连续梁零号节段BIM模型,满足深化设计条件;(2)基于BIM模型开展深化设计、生成2D图纸并统计工程数量,能够直观发现设计中的不足,一定程度上提升设计质量和效率。