船用铅酸蓄电池的使用及注意事项

介绍蓄电池分类及特点,放电浓度、硫酸浓度、温度等是影响船用铅酸蓄电池使用寿命的主要因素;提出在日常使用中要常检查铅酸蓄电池在支架上的固定螺栓,保持蓄电池盖上的气孔畅通无阻等正确的维护方法。     

Trucking industry demand for urban shared use freight terminals

The issue of shared use urban freight facilities first received attention during the 1970s when it was observed that, while inter-urban freight movements were becoming increasingly efficient, there were significant diseconomies in the movement of freight via truck within urban areas. Early research suggested that shared urban freight facilities should be constructed so that trucking companies could consolidate smaller shipments into larger ones. In the past few years, the concept of Urban Ports has gained increasing attention, not just for carriers who need to load and unload freight, but to provide a place near the urban center for truckers to wait out peak traffic periods. In this paper, using recently developed survey data, we examine trucking company interest in such facilities by examining the results of an ordered probit demand model.     

Linking land use and transportation in a rapidly urbanizing context: A study in Delhi,India

Cities in developing countries like India are facing some of the same concerns that North American cities are: congestion and urban growth. However, there is a sense of urgency in cities like Delhi, India in that this growth is far more rapid as both urbanization and motorization are ongoing processes that have not yet peaked. In this paper, we examine land use change and its relationship with transportation infrastructure and other planning related variables in a spatial context. We estimate land use change models at two different scales from separate data. Cellular automation and Markov models were used to understand change at the regional scale and discrete choice models to predict change at the local level. The results suggest that land use in the Delhi metropolitan area is rapidly intensifying while losing variety. These changes are affected by industrial, commercial and infrastructure location and planners and policy-makers need to better understand the implications of location decisions. We also examine these results in the context of a policy framework for data-based planning that links land use and transportation models for Delhi.     

基于土地利用的城轨新站点客流预测方法研究

城市轨道交通线路规划、设计和建设全过程年限较长,在此期间土地利用规划通常多有调整,导致工可研阶段的客流预测结果难以支撑新线开通时运输计划编制等运营管理工作。提出一种基于土地利用的城轨新站点客流预测方法,首先研究城轨站点周边人口岗位数据统计方法,其次提出人口岗位比、人口岗位总数和站点可达性指标概念,基于K近邻非参数回归预测方法构建进出站量预测模型,最后依托广州地铁客流数据对模型进行精度分析。结果表明,所有站点进站量预测的平均绝对误差占平均实际进站量的19.0%,进站量大于2万人次的站点平均相对误差为16.0%,所提方法可为城轨新线开通后运输组织提供决策依据。     

The relationship between land use and automobile travel utility: A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach

The relationship between land use and the utility of automobile travel is examined by refining the utility concept, particularly by combining the microeconomic utility theory, which is concerned with the disutility of travel, and the perspective on the positive utility. A conceptual model is accordingly developed and then adjusted considering different purposes of travel. The purpose-specific models are tested through a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes approach in Seoul, Korea, using datasets from a sample survey and geographic information systems. The major finding is that land use affects the utility mainly by changing synergy and affective utility rather than instrumental utility, which encompasses disutility variables. Among land use variables, the utility is found to be the most sensitive to the number of transit facilities for commuting and shopping travel and land use balance for leisure travel.     

A multiobjective land development optimization model: the case of New Castle County,Delaware

This paper develops a multiobjective optimization model to consider transportation impacts of the future development of land. The output of the model is the best location and type of land use that has minimal negative transportation effects and uses the maximum available public transportation infrastructure. It provides tools for both planners and transportation engineers and enables them to consider different scenarios of possible policies and land development. Since multiple objectives and their nonlinear structures are considered, the model is solved using mixed integer nonlinear programming. The final results are shown in both tabular and graphical format. The effectiveness of the model is applied to the northern part of New Castle County, Delaware. The results show that the model successfully finds the best locations for both residential and commercial land uses in order to meet several criteria discussed in the paper.     

Young people and the private car: A love-hate relationship

Urban mobility is one of the main concerns of the public authorities in developed countries. In France, household travel surveys are conducted every ten years in major cities to gather weekday mobility data. They enable decision-makers to better understand travel patterns, their change and their determinants, in order to adapt transport infrastructures to the population′s needs. While the automobile has allowed the level of mobility to increase since 1950, an unexpected finding has emerged from recent surveys in most developed countries, namely that there has been a marked decline in car use. Analyses show that this trend is mainly because young adults (18–34 years old) are less likely to acquire a driver′s license. This paper tries to better understand the decrease in the rate of driver′s license holding among young adults in the Lyon conurbation and to quantify the impact of the main explanatory factors in a temporal perspective. It also aims to analyze the consequences of this trend on private car use as a driver for daily trips. It quantifies the influence of economic, socio-demographic and spatial factors on driver ′ s license holding and car use by considering the responses to the last three household travels surveys conducted in the Lyon conurbation area (1995, 2006 and 2015). The temporal dimension allows us to highlight a change in the relationship between young adults and the private car in the French context.     

水泥混凝土路面的病害防止与维修

分析水泥混凝土路面的病害,针对各种病害,提出维修方法。     

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加拿大阿尔伯塔省经济的飞速发展，使得为全省制定合理的交通规划成为一项迫切的任务，在这种情况下，本文提出了全省的土地利用交通模型。该模型以PECAS（生产、交易和消费分派系统）结构为基础，实质是在整体经济的前提下考虑基本的交通需求（商品、服务、劳动力交换的流通过程）而进行交通规划。生产、交易和消费分派系统是一种空间经济模拟系统，它侧重交通规划和发展规划，近几年在美国提出并在一些州和城市得到应用。阿尔伯塔省土地利用交通模型受其模型建立基础，尤其是MEPLAN 和TRANUS模型的影响，但该模型在理论基础和行为描述上都做了明显的改进。本文从数据源和标定方法方面介绍加拿大阿尔伯塔省的土地利用交通模型的建立和发展。     

BRT推动TOD在我国适用性研究

随着我国经济日新月异的发展，城市化和机动化的现象越来越不可忽视。随之而来的是城市无序蔓延，交通、能源和环境问题日益突出。因此，我们的城市中心地带交通拥堵、空气质量恶化已成为重大难题。为了解决这些问题，研究了世界上其他类似国家和地区，吸取他们的经验和教训，提出了用快速公交推动城市发展的建议。论文分析了快速公交和公交引导发展的优势及适用性，比较了快速公交和其他公交模式的差异，最后建议在我国现阶段用快速公交来引导发展，结合土地使用和城市规划，实现城市的健康、高效、可持续发展。