模糊神经网络系统在滩海铺管敷缆船中的应用设计

针对滩海铺管敷船数学模型过于复杂,难以用传统控制进行建模的特点,提出了用模糊神经网络进行智能化控制的方案,并采用了一种较为简单实用的全局最优算法简化计算过程。实验证明,此控制系统具有较强的自适应性与自学习能力,表明了该方案的正确性与实用性。     

An integrated methodology for the design of mooring systems and risers

Traditionally, the design of mooring lines and risers of floating production systems (FPS) has been performed separately, by different teams, employing uncoupled analysis tools that do not consider the nonlinear interaction between the platform hull and the mooring lines and risers. Design processes have been focused on fulfilling the design criteria of the respective component (mooring/riser) alone, with few or no consideration to the other component, and little interaction between the design teams. Nowadays the importance of employing analysis tools based on coupled formulations is widely recognized, and analysis strategies have been proposed to consider feedback between mooring lines and risers within their respective design processes.In this context, this work details a proposal of one single and fully integrated design methodology for mooring systems and risers for deep-water FPS. In this methodology, the design stages of both risers and mooring lines are incorporated in a single spiral, allowing the full interaction of different teams; mooring design implicitly considers the riser integrity, and vice-versa, leading to gains in efficiency and cost reduction.Different analysis strategies are employed, taking advantage of uncoupled and coupled numerical models. The models generated at the initial/intermediate design stages can be reused in subsequent stages: simpler models are used in the initial stages, and more refined models are gradually introduced, to reach an ideal balance between computational cost and accuracy of results. In the advanced stages, the exchange of information between mooring/riser also allows the definition of criteria for the selection of governing/critical loading cases to be revised and verified in detail. This leads to the reduction of the original loading case matrix, allowing a feasible use of time-consuming fully coupled analysis.Results of a case study illustrating the application of some of the main processes of the methodology are included.     

多点系泊起重船数值分析与试验对比研究

以一艘工作水深46m的现役起重船为研究对象,采用基于全QTF法的时域准静态分析法对实际尺度起重船与系泊系统进行耦合数值分析,并与1:50的模型试验结果进行比较。结果表明:由于不考虑粘性阻尼影响,纵荡、纵摇的计算结果偏大,垂荡运动计算结果较为可信;垂荡、纵摇运动具有一阶低频成分,该响应对起重船的作业安全具有一定的威胁,应当给予重视;粘性阻尼、缆绳动力响应与水深对系泊起重船运动与缆绳张力的影响还有待研究。     

FPSO单点系泊系统安装及回接技术

单点系泊系统作为浮式生产储油卸油装置（Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO）的核心组成部分,需在FPSO进入安装现场之前完成安装,随后FPSO进入安装现场进行回接。以我国南海某具体工程项目为背景,全面、系统地介绍FPSO悬链腿单点系泊系统的安装及回接方法,并采用OrcaFlex分析软件对各个施工步骤进行相关的模拟分析。该单点系泊系统的整个安装过程可分为抓地锚安装、下段锚腿铺设、锚腿张紧、上段锚腿铺设、单点浮筒拖航及就位和锚系回接单点浮筒等6个阶段。     

三峡工程明渠汛期通航船舶绞滩缆桩强度分析

用有限元分析了驳船缆桩及周围甲板在绞滩力作用下的受力状况,据此对局部结构提出了加强要求。     

单点系泊海洋资料浮标的动力分析

本文在静力计算的基础上，应用三维势流理论数值计算程序计算浮标体的附加质量（矩）、阻尼系数和所受波浪力。采用美国数据浮标中心（NDBC）提出的分析方法，即将锚泊线动力方程线性化，并考虑到锚泊线与浮标体之间相互耦合的关系，在频率域中对单点系泊浮标进行了动力分析。文中还提出了当锚泊线中间有集中质量（悬挂重量或浮球）时相应的处理方法，因而不仅适用于简单的单点系泊浮标的动力分析，也适用于水平系泊浮标的动力分析。文中对三种典型的海洋资料浮标进行了考核计算，计算结果与试验结果比较有较好的一致性。     

巨型船舶大风浪中系泊模型试验研究

通过对一艘17．5万吨散货船的大风浪系泊模型试验，得出了在吹岸风和吹开风状态下，护舷和缆绳的受力随风浪流及风向角变化的一般规律以及不同吃水对船舶受力、系泊缆绳和护舷受力的影响，对巨型船舶的大风浪系泊有重要的参考价值。     

锚泊线的动力分析

本文应用频率域方法,研究波频运动引起低频慢荡阻尼力问题中锚泊线所引起的力。锚泊线所引起的阻尼,在本质上与其和运动间的初相位角有关。该相位信息需从频域分析得出。本文应用摄动理论推导了到二阶的锚泊线张力响应函数。算例以及与相应的时域的结果比较,可以看出应用频域摄动分析的结果在假设适用范围内与时域得到的结果基本相符。     

液化天然气专用码头系泊安全操作仿真研究

考虑液化天然气码头对安全的特殊要求,结合船舶系泊作业中的诸多因素,以液化天然气专用码头为例,运用船舶操纵模拟器对液化天然气船靠离码头的过程进行仿真实验,由此分析港口水域的风、流、浪及回旋水域尺度等因素对液化天然气船系泊作业的影响,为船舶靠离泊安全操纵提供参考数据,也可为液化天然气码头的建设提供科学的论证。     

A simplified method for reliability- and integrity-based design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems

This paper presents a simplified method for the reliability- and the integrity-based optimal design of engineering systems and its application to offshore mooring systems. The design of structural systems is transitioning from the conventional methods, which are based on factors of safety, to more advanced methods, which require calculation of the failure probability of the designed system for each project. Using factors of safety to account for the uncertainties in the capacity (strength) or demands can lead to systems with different reliabilities. This is because the number and arrangement of components in each system and the correlation of their responses could be different, which could affect the system reliability. The generic factors of safety that are specified at the component level do not account for such differences. Still, using factors of safety, as a measure of system safety, is preferred by many engineers because of the simplicity in their application. The aim of this paper is to provide a simplified method for design of engineering systems that directly involves the system annual failure probability as a measure of system safety, concerning system strength limit state. In this method, using results of conventional deterministic analysis, the optimality factors for an integrity-based optimal design are used instead of generic safety factors to assure the system safety. The optimality factors, which estimate the necessary change in average component capacities, are computed especially for each component and a target system annual probability of system failure using regression models that estimate the effect of short and long term extreme events on structural response. Because in practice, it is convenient to use the return period as a measure to quantify the likelihood of extreme events, the regression model in this paper is a relationship between the component demands and the annual probability density function corresponding to every return period. This method accounts for the uncertainties in the environmental loads and structural capacities, and identifies the target mean capacity of each component for maximizing its integrity and meeting the reliability requirement. In addition, because various failure modes in a structural system can lead to different consequences (including damage costs), a method is introduced to compute optimality factors for designated failure modes. By calculating the probability of system failure, this method can be used for risk-based decision-making that considers the failure costs and consequences. The proposed method can also be used on existing structures to identify the riskiest components as part of inspection and improvement planning. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated considering offshore mooring systems. However, the method is general and applicable also to other engineering systems. In the case study of this paper, the method is first used to quantify the reliability of a mooring system, then this design is revised to meet the DNV recommended annual probability of failure and for maximizing system integrity as well as for a designated failure mode in which the anchor chains are the first components to fail in the system.