盾构隧道穿越江底溶洞发育区若干关键技术探析

地铁盾构区间穿越江底岩溶发育区在全国尚属首例,难度极大。以长沙地铁3号线为工程依托,总结盾构区间穿越湘江下方溶洞群的关键技术。湘江西河汊320m范围内串珠状溶洞集中发育,岩溶水与湘江存在水力联系,盾构施工易引起溶洞坍塌、涌水、机器陷落等突发状况,风险较大,通过工程分析、类比和归纳等方法,提出江底岩溶区盾构工程的风险和重难点,并对溶洞专项勘查、加固方案、注浆参数,特别是串珠状溶洞加固措施以及加固检测标准等进行详细阐述,并结合类似工程实践经验对以上关键技术提出设计施工原则和相关建议。     

对高土壤电阻率地区牵引变电所接地技术的分析

从接地的实质出发,论述短路电流是接地电阻的控制因素。从土壤湿度、土壤温度、土壤结构类型等3个方面分析土壤电阻率对接地电阻的影响,提出高土壤电阻率地区变电所降阻措施,以及接地网设计的一些方法。     

公路路线方案比选的水土保持评价

结合《辽阳灯塔至沈阳辽中高速公路水土保持方案》编制中对路线方案进行的水土保持定量分析评价,提出了公路项目水土保持评价因素,验证了公路项目路线方案比选水土保持定量评价方法的可行性。     

青藏线冻土地区接地问题探讨

在冻土地区，由于土壤电阻率的增大，电力设备的安全接地变得困难起来。介绍了在低温条件下对几种典型土壤以及各类降阻剂的电阻率特性进行实验研究的结果。给出了土壤电阻率随温度变化的规律。讨论了低温条件下降阻剂的使用方法和降阻效果。总结了国内外冻土地区接地设计的实验。对改善冻土地区接地安全性的方法提出了建议。     

土压平衡盾构施工中泡沫和膨润土改良土体的微观机理分析

由于缺乏外加剂和土体相互作用内在机理的研究,导致何种土体使用何种外加剂,如何调整比例,如何评价外加剂的使用效果等方面的研究相对滞后,在工程实践中往往依靠经验使用外加剂。作者通过三年的室内土体改良试验研究,提出了国内常用的两种外加剂和土体相互作用的内在机理,尤其对于盾构掘进中不同土质和土性应该使用何种类型的外加剂,文章基于微观试验给出了具有说服力的结论。     

浅谈土壤污染对园林植物的影响

主要论述土壤污染产生的根源，分析土壤污染给植物等产生的危害，以及对土壤的污染治理应采取的措施。使土壤得到净化，减少对园林植物危害作用。     

北京地铁砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工刀盘扭矩研究

根据砂卵石地层力学特性,结合北京地铁4个标段工程,分析土压平衡盾构刀盘扭矩各组成部分所占的比例,提出简化的刀盘扭矩计算公式.分析计算结果表明:刀盘开口率与刀盘扭矩成反比,开口率每增加10％,刀盘扭矩降低8％～10％;土体的流塑性对刀盘扭矩影响较大;土体的摩擦系数每降低0.1,刀盘扭矩相应降低约35％～40％.在北京地铁10号线二期工程现场进行盾构掘进试验,分别通过刀盘改造(开口率增大至40％)及土体改良,使刀盘扭矩保持在2 500～3 500 kN·m,盾构推进速度明显得到改善.试验结果进一步验证了增大开口率及土体改良是在砂卵石地层降低刀盘扭矩的2项非常有效的措施;也验证了刀盘扭矩计算公式是合理的、可靠的,满足工程实际需求.     

筒形基础安装失败案例分析

结合现场筒形基础安装全过程,有针对性地记录安装失败的关键环节,利用筒形基础设计及理论知识对贯入力、负压贯入过程和土塞效应影响进行全面地剖析,带有建设性意见地提出了导致筒形基础安装失败的原因,对日后该形式海工结构物海上安装具有一定的工程借鉴意义。     

非饱和砂土的表观粘聚力研究

以不同粒度的砂,在不同的含水量情况下,采用无侧限压缩试验的方法,研究非饱和砂的表观粘聚力与砂的粒度、含水量等的关系。试验表明,在研究范围内,非饱和砂的表观粘聚力随含水量的增加而升高,并且随粒度的减小而升高,随粒度的增大而减小。     

Estimation of natural frequencies and damping using dynamic field data from an offshore wind turbine

The dynamic characteristics of offshore wind turbines are heavily affected by environmental loads from wave and wind action and nonlinear soil behaviour. In the design of the monopile structures, the fatigue load due to wind and wave loading is one of the most important problems to consider. Since the fatigue damage is sensitive to the foundation stiffness and damping, increasing the accuracy of analysis tools used in the design and optimization process can improve the reliability of the structure and reduce conservatism, thereby leading to a more cost-efficient design. In this context, analysis of field data is important for calibrating and verifying purposes. This paper presents analysis of measured accelerations and strains from a wind farm in the North Sea with monopile foundations. Field data during idling conditions, collected over long periods of operation, are analysed and the natural frequencies are determined, and damping is estimated. The measured natural frequencies are compared to calculated values using an aero-servo-hydro-elastic code, showing a good agreement in the frequency range below 2 Hz. Variation of the natural frequencies with intensity of loading may indicate effect of soil nonlinearity on the overall OWT response. Since the first natural bending modes have the largest potential to mobilize soil reactions, they are of primary interest in this context. The effect of load (wave, wind and dynamic bending moment) on the first natural frequency is investigated using different analysis techniques in the frequency domain and time domain. A clear correlation between load level and first natural frequency is demonstrated. A simple nonlinear SSI model of the tower/soil system is employed to numerically investigate the observed changes in the measured first natural frequency with the level of loading and increased overall damping. The simulated results reproduce the general trends in the observed reduction in the first natural frequency and increased damping ratio with the load level. However, the effect of the load level is less than that observed in the measurements, indicating contribution also from other factors than soil nonlinearity.