基于神经网络的柴油机NO_x排放实时仿真模型

传统的NOx排放模型都是基于Zeldovich链式反应,其大量的计算无法满足HILSS(硬件在环仿真系统)实时仿真的要求。而根据各种影响因素与NOx生成量之间的映射关系,用神经网络方法来构建NOx排放模型是一种同时兼顾实时性和准确性的解决方案。所建立的基于BPNN的NOx排放模型,采用贝叶斯正则化训练算法提高BP网络的推广能力,具有简单、可靠和通用的特点,可以在一定程度上预测发动机瞬态工况的NOx排放。     

短环形燃烧室双燃料燃烧流场污染物排放研究

污染物排放研究一直都是燃气轮机燃烧室的热门课题。本文研究了短环形燃烧室分别混烧氢气和裂解气后对NOx排放的有利影响和不利影响。添加的氢气质量分数分别为1%和10%,添加的裂解气质量分数分别为1%、10%和15%。比较了使用不同燃油方案的燃烧室流场结果,分析了燃烧效率、出口温度、NOx排放与其他燃烧室性能参数。结果证实氢气可有效改进燃烧效率,但同时其易燃性与极快的化学反应速度又会导致火焰温度升高以及NOx排放量增大,这一点违背了降低排放的初衷。而混烧裂解气既可保留氢气的优点,同时组分水蒸气的存在又能吸收高温区部分热量,降低火焰温度,有利于降低NOx排放。从而使得燃烧室在保持较高的燃烧效率和较低的出口温度的同时,NOx排放量不会剧烈增加。     

Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions

Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH₃ have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH₃ is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km⁻¹ at 23 °C and 6 mg km⁻¹ at −7 °C. The fleet median NH₃ emission factors were 10 mg km⁻¹ and 21 mg km⁻¹ at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH₃ and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH₃ emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH₃ emissions will increase further.     

船用柴油机节能减排技术发展思路

高温和富氧既是柴油机气缸内燃烧所需要的条件,也是氮氧化合物生成的因素。该文建议通过柴油机燃烧机理分析寻求既保持柴油机高效工作,又能降低氮氧化合物的解决方案,并提出开展船用柴油机再制造以提高资源利用率。