对公路工程中特殊分包的探讨

对特殊分包从特殊分包人概念,与FIDIC条款中指定分包人的关系,特殊分包合同成立条件、成立过程,特殊分包的优缺点,对特殊分包的体会等方面,并结合东大桥工程实际进行了探讨。     

新公路自然区划的原则、方法及指标体系

公路自然区划是研究自然环境对公路建设影响的产物，同时也是公路建设适应自然环境研究的结果。它可以为公路建设和环境生态保护提供科学依据。在综合分析我国公路建设对自然区划的要求和以往公路自然区划的适应性的基础上，探讨了新公路自然区划的原则、方法及分级指标的选取。得出新公路自然区划与以往公路自然区划的联系与区别：新的自然区划的原则、方法与1986年的《公路自然区划标准》相差不大；新的自然区划的一、二级指标体系更注重实用性和应用性。     

The effects of the 2013 floods on Germany’s freight traffic

This article analyzes the spatio-temporal effect of the 2013 floods on freight traffic in Germany by using automatic traffic counter data. The methodology uses a proven time-series outlier detection and identification technique to endogenously determine if a counter was affected during the flood and estimate the magnitude and duration of the change in the number of vehicles passing through it. This is the first paper able to quantify climate-related variations in traffic across all the counters of a national network. Results show variations on 10% of all counters and 23% of all main roads. Results allow us to trace the configuration of disrupted and detour routes, recovery times, and the total effect on the network. Our findings serve as an input to other studies on the impact of exogenous events on the transport system and contribute towards the formulation of public policies to improve road resilience.     

天然气汽车的应用

由于汽车尾气排放对环境造成的污染日益严重,以及石油资源逐渐减少,很多国家都在大力发展新能源汽车。天然气汽车与燃油汽车相比,能大大地减少污染物排放,具有良好的环保性、经济性及安全性,在国内外有着成熟而广泛的应用,是改善城市大气环境快捷有效途径。因此,为减少对石油的依赖以及机动车尾气造成的大气污染,推广天然气汽车的力度还需进一步加大,在尽可能短的时间内培养出一个比较成熟的天然气汽车市场,为实现可持续发展提供保证。     

Evaluating road network damage caused by natural disasters in the Czech Republic between 1997 and 2010

Road networks play a vital role in maintaining a functioning modern society. Many events perceptibly affect the transport supply along these networks, especially natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. Contrary to more common disruptions of traffic from accidents, or maintenance closures, natural disasters are capable of destroying large numbers of roads and usually cover vast areas. When evaluating network damage no single measure alone is able to describe the full extent of network destruction. In this study, we investigated six highly damaging natural disasters, which occurred in the Czech Republic between 1997 and 2010. They were all induced by extreme rainfall or by rapid snowmelt and resulted in floods and landslides. Their impacts are evaluated with respect to the damage to road networks and decreased serviceability. For mutual comparison of the impacts and their analysis we used several criteria, described in the paper, related to economic impacts, physical harm to individuals and infrastructures, and the effects on connectivity and serviceability. We also introduced a new measure based on the network efficiency index which takes into account the importance of nodes based on their population. Moreover, we provide a detailed analysis of one such event in July 1997 that significantly affected the road network of the Zlín region.     

车用LNG供给系统排压气体收集利用装置

基于安全性考虑,车用LNG供给系统设有超压气体泄压装置,在使用过程中一旦超压,泄压装置即工作排气。一般情况下,超压气体直排至大气,若天然气聚集浓度较高易带来安全隐患,同时造成燃料浪费,影响车辆使用经济性。车用LNG供给系统排压气体收集利用装置能够自动收集储液罐排出的超压气体,并提供给发动机使用,这样不但可以改善天然气高浓度造成的安全隐患,还能够提高燃气利用率及经济性,带来更大经济效益。     

提速状态下预应力混凝土简支梁受迫振动试验研究

通过对不同车速、不同编组情况下塑黄铁路小唐河大桥预应力混凝土简支梁桥动力性能的检测试验,研究列车提速条件下桥梁的动力特性及其动力响应。研究结果表明:列车以70和75 km.h-1速度运行时,其横向强振频率与桥梁横向自振特性相近,发生共振现象,PCT梁抑振措施应以提高梁体横向刚度为主;车速超过60 km.h-1时,PCT梁最大横向振幅均超过安全限值;PCT梁的横、竖向振动加速度值都不大,均在《铁路桥梁检定规范》规定的限值以内;PCT梁的跨中横向振动频率明显偏低,只有参考值的40%~50%;跨中竖向自振频率较大,竖向挠跨比小于《铁路桥梁检定规范》中的跨中竖向挠跨比通常值,说明梁体具有足够的竖向刚度。车辆编组方式对PCT梁的横向振幅影响较大,C64编组方式时梁体横向振幅最大,C64K编组方式时梁体横向振幅较小。     

LNG船液舱晃荡的数值模拟

随着海上液化天然气开采和卸载的发展，LNG船非充满舱的晃荡问题已成为一个重要的研究课题。基于流体体积（VOF）法描述晃荡流场的自由面，结合动网格技术，建立了适合不同几何形状的液舱晃荡数值模拟的计算方法。首先针对二维矩形舱和三维立方体舱及薄膜型舱进行了计算，并将相关的横向力、波高和压力曲线与试验结果作对比，吻合较好，验证了此法的可行性和有效性。然后，对三种不同类型的LNG液舱模型（球形舱、圆柱形舱和薄膜型舱）分别进行了系统的晃荡数值计算与分析，将三者的力、力矩、压力计算结果以及自由液面形状进行了比较分析。结果表明，三种液舱模型在晃荡过程中的结果和现象十分类似，通过对液舱在晃荡过程中的受力和舱室容积的综合衡量，作为一种LNG船的新型舱室，圆柱形舱室是很有发展前景的。     

20 MW LNG发电船方案设计与分析

针对靠港船舶清洁用电和部分港口、小型岛屿与海上平台等电力供应的快速响应问题，在阐述大型液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas，LNG）发电船发展现状及其主要系统基础上，引用国内外LNG船舶相关设计经验，采用模块化设计方法对20 MW LNG发电船的船体、LNG管路系统、电力-推进复合系统等进行设计，为该型船设计的主要难点问题提供可选的解决方案。     

The Elliott Bay/Duwamish restoration program: A status report

Injuries to natural resources from the release of hazardous substances into aquatic environments have led to hundreds of millions of dollars in compensatory damages awarded under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and other legislation. The institutional mechanisms for negotiating and carrying out the terms of CERCLA natural resource settlements are still in their infancy, and each case has a unique set of injuries, assigned damages, payout schedules, trustee council membership and operating procedures, and environmental conditions and constraints. One of the settlements that has made significant progress toward large‐scale habitat enhancement has occurred in Elliott Bay, a busy, seriously impacted urban harbor in Washington State. The Elliott Bay case is unique among natural resource injury settlements because of the active involvement of two local governments, the City of Seattle, and Metro, who were named as defendants in a lawsuit brought by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on behalf of the natural resource trustees of Elliott Bay. Both local governments have maintained, and continue to operate, outfalls that discharge into Elliott Bay, and both entities were subject to attempts to recover damages under CERCLA. Following the filing of the lawsuit over injuries to the natural resources of the estuary, alleged to have resulted from the operation of these outfalls, the parties involved negotiated a consent decree settlement. The Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Program has established a process to redress some of the injuries that were attributed to the operation of these outfalls.