船艇波浪中自航试验研究

对一艘船艇作了波浪中自航试验研究，得到了规则波中自航因子变化曲线，用直接功率法作了失速预报，并用谱分析法预报了该艇的纵摇、升沉及螺旋桨出水概率。本文的重要结论：船艇在波浪中的自航因子在简化处理时，可以认为相当于静水中的自航因子。     

Variation of whitecap coverage with wave-field conditions

Field observations were carried out at a sea observation tower to investigate how whitecap coverage on the ocean surface responds to wave-field conditions. Images of whitecaps were taken for every 4 h or 7 h in the daytime using a 3CCD digital video camera fixed at 14 m elevation, and they were stored automatically in a hard disk video recorder at a time interval of 1 s. The determination of whitecap coverage was made by means of a digital image processing. The 1/3 power of whitecap coverage increases linearly with increasing the 10-m neutral wind speed. On the basis of the deflection angle between the propagating directions of wind waves and swell, wave-field conditions are classified into four cases. The present results show that whitecaps are produced most actively under the condition of the pure windsea and they tend to be suppressed by the presence of swell. It is difficult to find a certain relation between the deflection angle and whitecap coverage. Whitecap coverage also increases with the wave age in the same wind-speed conditions.     

气动式造波机中的横向波

本文讨论了用于产生二维波动的气动式造波机中,一种横向表面重力波的发生及其非线性特性。当输入频率接近于横向波的基频两倍时,利用奇摄动方法,可以得到横向波的振幅发展方程。振幅的理论预测与实验观察是定性相符的。     

桁架式Spar平台在波浪中的运动预报与实验测量

基于细长体水动力公式和刚体全非线性运动方程,以及桁架式Spar平台主体与其锚泊系统相互耦合的力和位移边界条件,建立了桁架式Spar平台在波浪中的运动响应预报模型,对其在波浪中的运动和锚泊力进行了预报。通过运动光学测量系统和拉力传感器在哈尔滨工程大学水池对Spar平台模型在波浪中的运动和锚泊力进行了测量。数值预报结果和实验测量进行了比较,结果表明二者符合得很好。     

Stability Analysis of Long-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Thin-Wall Pier

During cantilever cast in construction of high-pier and large-span continuous rigid frame bridges, structural stability in the longest cantilevered stage is very important. Based on a practical design case of a large-span continuous rigid frame bridge in Wuhan, the longest span stability coefficient is calculated with linear-buckling and nonlinear-buckling methods, respectively. The influences of both geometrical nonlinearity and the dual nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear solution is necessary to stability analysis because linear buckling loads axe much higher than those of nonlinear buckling. Thus, the edge fiber yield criterion is more convenient and faster than ultimate loading criterion when estimating nonlinear stability of structure, and can be used easily in the initial engineering design.     

Estimation of nonlinear long-term extremes of hull girder loads in ships

This paper deals with a estimation of long-term extreme value for a given return period, say D=100 yr. In principle, this response is obtained by combining the response in all the sea states. The long-term response for a linear system can be effectively obtained by determining the response for each sea state, specified by the significant wave height, H_s, and the peak period, T_p, in the frequency domain. However, if the response is nonlinear, time domain simulation and a long time series would be required, to limit statistical uncertainty. Therefore, the long-term analysis becomes rather complicated and time consuming. For the long-term analysis, it is crucial to introduce ways to improve the efficiency in the calculation. In this work, it is shown that, the long-term extremes can be estimated by considering only a few short-term sea states. A long-term analysis based on identifying the most important sea state, defined by the coefficient of contribution, using linear analysis is applied. An iteration procedure is thereafter used to find the nonlinear long-term extreme values. It is concluded that only a limited number of sea states is necessary to get an acceptable estimate of the nonlinear D-year response as long as the most important sea states are included, i.e., the sea state with the maximum coefficient of contribution.     

重载货车转向架非线性干摩擦力等效线性化及在车桥耦合中的应用

采用基于振动周期内平均功率相等的描述函数法,对重载货车转向架的非线性干摩擦力进行等效线性化,即将斜楔与摇枕间的垂向和横向非线性摩擦力线性等效为垂向和横向线性阻尼力,将旁承和心盘处的回转摩擦阻力矩线性等效为同转摩擦阻尼力,进而建立重载货车的等效线性动力学模型.以C80型重载货车为例,分别采用给出的等效线性动力学模型和非线性动力学模型进行重载货车动力学仿真计算.结果表明:等效线性动力学模型虽然小幅度增大了车体的垂向和横向平稳性指标、轮轨横向作用力、脱轨系数和轮重减载率,但是仍在GB/T 5599-1985标准范围内,满足其各项评价指标要求,验证了用描述函数法对非线性干摩擦力等效线性化的正确性和合理性;说明基于描述函数法的重载货车等效线性动力学模型可以替代复杂的非线性动力学模型进行重载货车通过既有桥梁的车桥耦合动力响应分析,为重载货车的非线性悬挂系统参数优化和车桥耦合动力学性能分析提供了新的有效途径.     

超低频雷达反演海洋内波波长和振幅

利用超低频雷达探测海洋内波是海洋内波探测的新方法,该方法使用1Hz～100Hz频段的电磁波探测海洋内波并反演得到内波振幅和波长等参数.根据超低频电磁波在海水中、海气界面和内波界面处的传播特性以及海洋内波水下结构特点,建立了超低频雷达反演海洋内波振幅、波长模型,并分析了探测的回波信号,仿真结果表明,使用超低频雷达可以反演得到内波振幅和波长.     

级配碎石基层沥青混凝土路面非线性力学响应分析

为了明确级配碎石柔性基层沥青混凝土路面结构层位功能,就沥青混凝土面层厚度、级配碎石基层厚度和模量3个路面结构参数对级配碎石柔性基层沥青混凝土路面进行非线性力学响应分析,结果表明:面层厚度增大,基层最大剪应力降低,且面层厚度为9 cm时面层剪应力最不利,12 cm时面层层底拉应力最不利;基层厚度对基层剪应力影响不显著,且当基层厚度为30 cm时,面层剪应力、层底拉应力均出现最小值;当增大基层模量时,面层最大剪应力、层底拉应力和基层最大剪应力均有不同程度降低.     

不规则波浪在陡坡上非线性传播变形的试验研究

通过试验研究了不规则波浪在一陡坡(1:10)上的传播过程中的非线性特征。为达到研究目的,在试验水槽中以JONSWAP谱为靶谱生成了两组随机波浪。试验结果显示,在坡前常水深区域和坡顶,两种波况下波高分布均符合瑞利分布;但是在变浅区域两种波况的波高分布却不尽相同。应用基于小波变换的二阶相位谱来分析波浪在传播过程中的非线性相位耦合特征,结果表明：随着水深的变浅,波浪的非线性逐渐增强并且参与非线性相互耦合的频率成份也越来越多。通过二阶相位谱发现：随着水深的减小,参与最强的非线性相位耦合频率向高频处移动。另外通过傅立叶频谱、二阶谱以及二阶频谱共同分析陡坡上两组波况下低频波浪的演化情况。