工程车辆非线性橡胶悬架动力学建模与优化

以AD250铰接式自卸车的非线性变刚度橡胶悬架为研究对象,应用模态综合法和多柔体系统动力学理论,并通过整车试验建立了整车刚柔耦合动力学模型。以行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性为优化目标,采用序列二次规划法,对不同载荷、不同等级路面和不同车速下的悬架特性参数进行优化,得到了不同工况下的最优悬架特性参数。通过最小二乘法拟合得到了橡胶悬架刚度参数的理想非线性特性曲线。仿真结果表明,优化后的橡胶悬架系统能使车辆保持良好的行驶平顺性。     

水下航行器内孤立波载荷形成机理数值模拟研究

弄清水下航行器内孤立波载荷形成机理是分析内孤立波对航行性能影响和控制研究的基础和前提。采用数值模拟方法深入分析模型位于内孤立波波面上方、穿越波面、位于波面下方3种情形下,模型受内孤立波流场水动力作用和分层密度差静力作用过程,对比不同潜深时纵向力、垂向力和俯仰力矩特性差异。研究表明,穿越波面的情况下,模型所处的流体密度变化,起了决定性作用,垂向力比纵向力大一个量级;穿越波面时,艏艉浮力不平衡,俯仰力矩有极大值和极小值出现;模型始终位于波面上方或下方时,受内孤立波流场的影响,其水动力性能也产生了明显的变化。     

波浪补偿技术现状和发展趋势

波浪补偿系统是一种通过主动或被动技术,对由于波浪运动引起的工作母船或者海洋平台上作业设备的不规则运动进行补偿的系统。其广泛应用于海上货物转运、油气田开采、深海采矿、潜器吊放回收等作业领域。本文介绍波浪补偿系统的组成及工作原理,国内外波浪补偿系统的应用、技术研究以及发展现状,并对波浪补偿系统技术的发展趋势进行分析。     

高烈度震区铅芯橡胶支座隔震桥梁抗震性能分析

高烈度震区桥梁在地震作用下的结构响应较为复杂,传统的抗震设计很难实现桥梁的抗震性能目标。通过对1座位于9度震区的桥梁进行E1地震作用下的多振型反应谱分析以及E2地震作用下的非线性时程分析,计算结果表明,在E1和E2地震作用下采用铅芯橡胶支座隔震桥梁的地震响应较未隔震桥梁均有大幅减小。因此,对于位于高烈度震区的桥梁可通过合理的减隔震设计使结构地震响应大幅减小,从而可提高结构的抗震安全性,实现桥梁抗震性能目标。     

Mixed manual/semi-automated traffic: a macroscopic analysis

The use of advanced technologies and intelligence in vehicles and infrastructure could make the current highway transportation system much more efficient. Semi-automated vehicles with the capability of automatically following a vehicle in front as long as it is in the same lane and in the vicinity of the forward looking ranging sensor are expected to be deployed in the near future. Their penetration into the current manual traffic will give rise to mixed manual/semi-automated traffic. In this paper, we analyze the fundamental flow–density curve for mixed traffic using flow–density curves for 100% manual and 100% semi-automated traffic. Assuming that semi-automated vehicles use a time headway smaller than today’s manual traffic average due to the use of sensors and actuators, we have shown using the flow–density diagram that the traffic flow rate will increase in mixed traffic. We have also shown that the flow–density curve for mixed traffic is restricted between the flow–density curves for 100% manual and 100% semi-automated traffic. We have presented in a graphical way that the presence of semi-automated vehicles in mixed traffic propagates a shock wave faster than in manual traffic. We have demonstrated that the presence of semi-automated vehicles does not change the total travel time of vehicles in mixed traffic. Though we observed that with 50% semi-automated vehicles a vehicle travels 10.6% more distance than a vehicle in manual traffic for the same time horizon and starting at approximately the same position, this increase is marginal and is within the modeling error. Lastly, we have shown that when shock waves on the highway produce stop-and-go traffic, the average delay experienced by vehicles at standstill is lower in mixed traffic than in manual traffic, while the average number of vehicles at standstill remains unchanged.     

盾构隧道管片接头弯曲刚度计算及影响因素分析

盾构隧道管片接头弯曲刚度是隧道设计关键参数之一。管片接头弯曲刚度的研究引起了广泛的兴趣,但主要集中在无传力衬垫的管片接头上。文章针对南京地铁盾构隧道粘贴了传力衬垫的管片接头刚度开展了研究,结果表明,粘贴了传力衬垫的管片接头弯曲刚度随着接头荷载的增加表现出了明显的非线性。最后对传力衬垫的厚度、螺栓预紧力和螺栓数量等弯曲刚度影响因素进行了分析,其计算结果对隧道设计具有明显的参考价值。     

Forecasting short-term subway passenger flow under special events scenarios using multiscale radial basis function networks

Reliable and accurate short-term subway passenger flow prediction is important for passengers, transit operators, and public agencies. Traditional studies focus on regular demand forecasting and have inherent disadvantages in predicting passenger flows under special events scenarios. These special events may have a disruptive impact on public transportation systems, and should thus be given more attention for proactive management and timely information dissemination. This study proposes a novel multiscale radial basis function (MSRBF) network for forecasting the irregular fluctuation of subway passenger flows. This model is simplified using a matching pursuit orthogonal least squares algorithm through the selection of significant model terms to produce a parsimonious MSRBF model. Combined with transit smart card data, this approach not only exhibits superior predictive performance over prevailing computational intelligence methods for non-regular demand forecasting at least 30 min prior, but also leverages network knowledge to enhance prediction capability and pinpoint vulnerable subway stations for crowd control measures. Three empirical studies with special events in Beijing demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively predict the emergence of passenger flow bursts.     

Dissipation of stop-and-go waves via control of autonomous vehicles: Field experiments

Traffic waves are phenomena that emerge when the vehicular density exceeds a critical threshold. Considering the presence of increasingly automated vehicles in the traffic stream, a number of research activities have focused on the influence of automated vehicles on the bulk traffic flow. In the present article, we demonstrate experimentally that intelligent control of an autonomous vehicle is able to dampen stop-and-go waves that can arise even in the absence of geometric or lane changing triggers. Precisely, our experiments on a circular track with more than 20 vehicles show that traffic waves emerge consistently, and that they can be dampened by controlling the velocity of a single vehicle in the flow. We compare metrics for velocity, braking events, and fuel economy across experiments. These experimental findings suggest a paradigm shift in traffic management: flow control will be possible via a few mobile actuators (less than 5%) long before a majority of vehicles have autonomous capabilities.     

船用锅炉汽水联箱的热弹塑性应力场有限元分析

本文对船用锅炉汽水联箱进行了热弹塑性应力场非线性有限元分析，绘出了其三维应力分布图及变形图，并对应力集中的局部区域进行了二次有限元计算。计算结果对分析联箱内部损伤有重要价值。     

On nonlinear ship waves and wave resistance calculations

A finite difference method based on the Euler equations is developed for computing ship waves and wave resistances. Time marching is carried out using a time-splitting fractional-step method. The second-order central difference is used to discretize the spatial differentials, while the convection terms are discretized by the QUICK scheme. A body- and free-surface-fitted grid system with a cell-centered stencil is used. A Poisson equation for the pressure increment at each time step is solved to enforce mass conservation. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data for a Wigley parabolic hull. The characteristics of ship waves, such as the wave profile along the hull, the wave pattern on the free surface, the pressure distribution on the hull surface, and the wave-making resistance are reasonably predicted. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Received for publication on Oct. 13, 1998; accepted on Jan. 20, 1999