Stability enhancement and fuel economy of the 4-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicles by optimal tyre force distribution

In this paper, vehicle stability control and fuel economy for a 4-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle are investigated. The integrated controller is designed within three layers. The first layer determines the total yaw moment and total lateral force made by using an optimal controller method to follow the desired dynamic behaviour of a vehicle. The second layer determines optimum tyre force distribution in order to optimise tyre usage and find out how the tyres should share longitudinal and lateral forces to achieve a target vehicle response under the assumption that all four wheels can be independently steered, driven, and braked. In the third layer, the active steering, wheel slip, and electrical motor torque controllers are designed. In the front axle, internal combustion engine (ICE) is coupled to an electric motor (EM). The control strategy has to determine the power distribution between ICE and EM to minimise fuel consumption and allowing the vehicle to be charge sustaining. Finally, simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment show that the proposed structure could enhance the vehicle stability and fuel economy in different manoeuvres.     

卫星通信和测控机房配电容量估算

从设备用电、空调用电、照明及辅助用电几个方面来分析机房的用电量,从而使设计者在机房建设之前对用电量有比较准确的估算,既不把需求扩大,也不估算不足,为设备选型和机房建设提前做好预算。     

乘用车燃料消耗量检测不确定度评定

基于国内乘用车排放试验室现状,根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059—1999)中对不确定度的定义和评定要求,将尾气排放测试系统、底盘测功机等仪器和设备、环境条件、标准物质、试验操作等影响测量结果的不确度用于评定汽车燃油消耗量测量精度,通过计算得到了碳平衡法油耗测试结果的扩展不确定度,且表明了该结果的置信范围和程度。     

电喷摩托车供油方式分析及燃油消耗量测量探讨

电喷摩托车供油方式和化油器摩托车截然不同,沿用化油器摩托车发动机的燃油消耗测量方式不能准确进行燃油消耗量的测量,必须根据具体特点,采用正确的方法,才能准确进行电喷摩托车和电喷发动机燃油消耗量的测量。     

TBM刀具岩石磨蚀性CAI值调整系数的应用

为研究TBM掘进不同岩层的刀具消耗规律，解决川藏铁路隧道TBM施工概预算定额刀具消耗量的适用问题，根据岩石磨蚀性指数特性，结合引汉济渭、高黎贡山TBM掘进现场实测数据成果，分析等效石英含量、单轴抗压强度、完整性等不同条件下刀具磨蚀消耗量的变化规律，并结合应用案例研究推导其与岩石磨蚀性CAI指数的对应关系。在此基础上，推导并验证不同CAI值条件下刀具消耗量调整系数，证明通过石英含量、单轴抗压强度等相关参数推导CAI指数的可行性，为概预算定额中岩石磨蚀性CAI值调整系数的应用提供了理论基础。     

长沙市轨道交通2号线列车能耗分析

以长沙市轨道交通2号为例,分析了列车空载工况和载客工况下的能耗情况,结果表明根据列车能耗系统的实时统计数据核实列车能耗的方式是可靠的。在此基础上,计算分析了列车运行过程中乘客总体重的能耗,与列车自重能耗相比,列车自重能耗在列车总能耗中占很大的比重,因此:合理地降低车辆自重将成为今后车辆设计的重要课题,根据线路客流量特点制定大小交路时刻表将成为城市轨道交通运营公司降低运营成本的研究方向。     

铁路轻油类罐车卸油装置研制

根据国外大型矿区对铁路轻油类罐车装卸需求,研制一种下部卸油装置。通过分析国外下卸式卸油装置特点,确定卸油装置结构和关键部件,开展密封性试验并完成研制工作。研制并运用下卸式罐车,对解决我国轻油类罐车装卸存在的问题具有一定借鉴意义。     

特种装备项目的节能评估方法研究

特种装备的购置及改造项目属于固定资产投资范畴,在审批环节中应进行节能审查。本文以科学考察船为例,基于分析科学考察船与其他类固定资产的不同,阐述了科学考察船建设方案的节能评估、能源消费种类及能耗测算方法,并就评估过程中存在的问题提出了相关建议。     

能耗吸收装置在城市轨道交通系统中的应用

介绍了城市轨道交通系统能耗吸收装置的原理和组成,分析了能耗吸收装置的能量吸收过程和系统控制方式,总结了能耗吸收装置运用过程中的故障种类、故障现象及相应的故障解决方法。     

Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets

This paper shows the results of a comparative fleet test the main objective of which was to measure the influence of Low Viscosity Oils (LVO) over the fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of urban buses. To perform this test, 39 urban buses, classified into candidate and reference groups depending on the engine oil viscosity, covered a 60,000 km mileage corresponding to two rounds of standard Oil Drain Interval (ODI). In the same way, for 9 buses of the 39 buses, the effect of differential LVO over fuel consumption and their interaction with engine LVO was assessed during the second ODI.Test results confirm that the use of LVO could reduce fuel consumption, hence CO₂ emissions. However, special attention should be taken prior to its implementation in a fleet, particularly if the vehicles are powered by engines with high mechanical and thermal stresses during vehicle operation because this could lead to friction loss increase, loss of the potential fuel consumption reduction of LVO and, in the worst scenario, higher rates of engine wear.