基于地基雷达的高铁简支箱梁运营性能检定

针对高铁桥梁运营性能参数传统测试方法存在的数据采集设备安装困难、数据传输不稳定、工作效率低等问题,运用地基雷达非接触、高精度、高频率测量技术,对京沪高铁31.5m预应力混凝土双线简支箱梁进行运营性能检定。结果表明:在动车组时速为300km以上、载客运行状态下,检测得到该桥梁体的自振频率为6.823Hz,挠跨比为1/7 150~1/9 450,梁端转角为0.33‰~0.43‰;单线运行条件下梁体竖向振幅为0.13mm,横向振幅为0.07mm;实测动力系数小于运营动力系数;基于地基雷达的检定结果与传统方法检定结果相吻合;简支箱梁的运行性能参数与相关规范规定的通常值相接近;采用地基雷达能够方便、快速、高效地检定出高铁桥梁的梁体自振频率、梁体跨中挠度、梁端转角、运营动力系数、跨中竖向振幅和横向振幅,为我国高铁简支箱梁运营性能检定提供了新的方法。     

基于运营场景的CTCS-3级列控系统功能需求分析

为了满足我国高速铁路的运营要求,通过自主创新形成了一套完整的基于无线闭塞技术的中国列车运行控制系统CTCS-3级规范。从CTCS-3级列控系统运营场景的角度,对CTCS-3级列控系统的功能需求进行分析,包括列车注册与注销、等级转换、行车许可、调车、紧急情况处理、临时限速、RBC切换等。     

Optimal combinations of selected tactics for public-transport transfer synchronization

Handling efficiently and effectively real-time vehicle control is of major concern of public transport (PT) operators. One related problem is on how to reduce the uncertainty of simultaneous arrivals of two or more vehicles at a transfer point. Improper or lack of certain control actions leads to have missed transfers, one of the undesirable features of the PT service. Missed transfers result in increase of passenger waiting and travel times, and of passenger frustration. This work focuses on reducing the uncertainty of missed transfers by the use of control tactics in real-time operation. The developed model improves the PT service performance by optimally increasing the number of direct transfers and reducing the total passenger travel time. This model consists of two policies built upon a combination of two tactics: holding and skip-stop/segment, where a segment is a group of stops. The implementation of the concept is performed in two steps: optimization and simulation. The optimization searches for the best combination of operational tactics. The simulation serves as a validation of the optimal results under a stochastic framework. A case in Auckland, New Zealand is used. The results show that by applying the holding-skip stop, and holding-skip segment tactics the number of direct transfers are increased by about 100% and 150%, and the total passenger travel time is reduced by 2.14% and 4.1%, respectively, compared with the no-tactic scenario. The holding-skip segment tactic results with 47% more direct transfers than the holding-skip stop tactic for short headway operation.     

Strain estimation for offshore wind turbines with jacket substructures using dual-band modal expansion

Structural fatigue is a design driver for offshore wind turbines (OWT). In particular, the substructures, like jackets, are strongly affected by fatigue. Monitoring the fatigue progression in the welds is vital for the maintenance and a potential lifetime extension. However, inspections of critical locations are costly due to the limited accessibility of the mostly submerged jacket. Considering the high number of potentially critical welds, it is regarded as economically unfeasible to equip all fatigue hot spots with sensors. Thus, an indirect method to monitor the fatigue progress of the structure and point out critical locations is desirable. For a consistent support of ongoing maintenance, it has to yield reliable results for varying operational and environmental conditions. This paper applies a virtual sensing approach to jacket substructures. From a small set of sensors on the tower, fatigue at every desired location of the jacket is estimated using dual-band modal expansion. Simulations using the OC4 jacket design are performed to show potentials and limitations of the method. Namely fatigue progress on leg welds of K-joints is predicted with high accuracy over a wide range of load cases. However, some difficulties in fatigue prediction of X-joints due to the occurrence of local modes and limitations in the extrapolation of wave loading have to be resolved in future work.     

Probabilistic assessment of aviation CO2 emission targets

Passenger demand for air transportation is expected to continue growing into the future. The increase in operations will undoubtedly lead to an escalation in harmful carbon dioxide emissions, an adverse effect that governing bodies have been striving to mitigate. The International Air Transport Association has set aggressive environmental targets for the global aviation industry. This paper investigates the achievability of those targets in the US using a top-down partial equilibrium model of the aviation system complemented with a previously developed fleet turnover procedure. Three ‘enablers’ are considered: aircraft technologies, operational improvements and sustainable biofuels. To account for sources of uncertainty, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to run a multitude of scenarios. It was found that the likelihood of meeting all targets is extremely low (0.3%) for the expected demand growth rates in the US. Results show that biofuels have the most impact on system CO₂ emissions, responsible for an average 64% of the total savings by 2050 (with aircraft technologies and operational improvements responsible for 31% and 5%, respectively). However, this impact is associated with high uncertainty and very dependent on both biofuel type and availability.     

Operational Oceanography System applied to the Prestige oil-spillage event

This contribution describes the procedure used during the Prestige oil-spillage event, by means of an Operational Oceanography System, and the behaviour of the present prediction tools (hydrodynamic and dispersion models) applied to it. The accuracy of these tools is estimated by a reanalysis of field data transmitted by a sea surface drifting buoy, released at the time of the oil spill. The numerical models applied were the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), fed by the available six-hourly NCEP atmospheric information, together with a Lagrangian Particle-Tracking Model (LPTM). ROMS has been used to estimate the current fields for the Bay of Biscay, whilst the LPTM has provided the oil spill trajectories. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the numerical models depends upon the quality of the meteorological input data. In this case, the current fields at the sea surface, derived by ROMS, have been underestimated by the wind fields of the NCEP reanalysis data. An efficient calibration of these wind fields, with data provided by the Gascony buoy (fixed oceanic and atmospheric station), achieves more realistic looking results; this is reflected in the comparison between the buoy trajectory predicted numerically and the tracked movements of the drifting buoy.     

村道养护管理体制和运行机制的探索

2003年以来，台州村道建设得到迅猛发展，但由于受资金、体制等诸多因素影响，村道管理和养护问题日渐凸现。深刻阐述了探索建立村道养护管理体制和运行机制的必要性、紧迫性和重要性，并对村道养护管理体制的整体架构和具体操作作了有益探索。     

基于运行模态分析的船舶推进轴系状态监测

论文提出一种基于运行模态分析(OMA)的新的船舶推进轴系状态监测方法。论文以船舶推进轴系试验台为试验对象,获取轴系运行时不同加载工况下的扭振信号,利用基于数据的随机子空间法(DD-SSI)识别扭振的固有频率,并与已知的试验模态分析(EMA)识别的轴系静态时同一加载工况下的结果进行对比,验证运行模态分析识别结果的准确性,并研究不同加载工况下轴系扭振固有频率随加载工况的变化规律。试验结果表明,运行模态分析能够准确识别轴系的扭振固有频率,且扭振固有频率的增量与加载量呈正相关,因而运行模态分析可以用作一种新的船舶推进轴系状态监测方法。     

列车由车辆段往返正线的接发车能力分析

轨道专业为优化某市地铁拟建线工程中车辆段至正线B站的站间线路，推出了一个新方案。本文就原线路方案和推荐方案分别处于非正常情况时，列车在车辆段与正线间的作业情况进行综合性分析，并从城轨交通信号专业的角度对推荐方案给予技术性支持，该分析可为今后城市轨道交通的同类线路设计提供有益参考。     

Multivariate assimilation in MERCATOR project: New statistical parameters from forecast error estimation

The new operational prototype of Mercator (french Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment contribution) is composed of a North Atlantic primitive equation ocean model OPA (Ocean Parallel Algorithm between 20°S and 70°N, [Madec, G., P. Delecluse, M. Imbard and C. Lévy (1998). OPA8.1 ocean general circulation model reference manuel. Notes du pôle de modélisation IPSL. n°11: 91p]) and of a multivariate and multidata assimilation scheme [De Mey, P. and M. Benkiran (2002). “A multivariate reduced-order optimal interpolation method and its application in Mediterranean basin-scale circulation.” Ocean Forecasting : Conceptual basis and application, Pinardi, N., Springer Verlag.] This system has already given some significant improvements from previous Mercator configurations (M. Benkiran, personal communication). However some biases on ocean state still remain in the tropics where the reduced-order optimal interpolation scheme is suspected to be ill-parameted in the model forecast error. Indeed the guess error covariance matrix is decomposed into an error variance value and a spatio-temporal correlation function which are assumed to have some “good” properties (spatial homogeneity of the correlation function, constant ratio between signal and error variance). This study shows how we can use ensemble methods to validate these assumptions. We can see that the correlation function can reach negative values locally, mostly in regions of high variability contradictory with the homogeneous hypothesis. The reduced space used in the operational configuration is based on the signal seasonal Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). An empirical relationship between signal and error variance has been set and the correlation function is the same on every dimension of the reduced space. By projection of the estimated guess error variance onto the reduced space, we find a repartition of this quantity quite different to what was set in the system. The error statistics is found to be inhomogeneous compared to hypothesis made in the assimilation scheme. These two new parameters tested separately in the assimilation scheme gives significant improvements of the forecast and analysis results. This is particularly obvious in the tropics. But relationship between signal and error statistics (as assumed in the optimal interpolation) is found to be complex.