铝合金游艇外板冲压成形缺陷分析及优化设计

铝合金游艇外板由于造型面积与曲率变化较大,且包含许多局部深抽等复杂特征,使其冲压成形较为困难。为分析其成形缺陷并进行优化设计,采用有限元法对铝合金游艇外板进行冲压特征、缺陷成因及影响因素分析,并提出一种具有平缓特征的工艺补充面设计来克服成形缺陷。数值计算结果表明:降低压料力可改善局部拉伸,但厚度增加较少,通过优化外型参数可改善球鼻艏区域的破裂缺陷,但反向船脊区域的褶皱也因压料力的减小而更加严重;阻料条使反向船脊的褶皱大幅度减少,船首褶皱完全改善;基于平缓特征的工艺补充面造型设计可解决球鼻艏尖点造型所产生的局部拉伸,反向船脊缺陷也得到改善,船尾底壳褶皱缺陷经造型往外延伸得以移至工艺补充面部分。经优化设计后,铝合金游艇外板冲压缺陷均得到改善。     

汽车覆盖件冲压方向优化系统设计

通过分析影响汽车覆盖件冲压方向选择的因素,建立了以评价函数法为基础的冲压方向优化模型。利用该模型对冲压件截面形状进行了分析,确定了截面转角的公共可行域,并建立了一组目标函数作为优化对象。在公共可行域内优化各个截面的转角,然后加权平均可得到目标函数的最优值。以典型汽车覆盖件为例,对实现覆盖件冲压方向的优化系统进行了理论验证。     

Decommissioning forecast in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, 2013–2033

One hundred and ten fixed, tensioned, and moored structures have been installed in the Gulf of Mexico in water depth greater than 400 ft, and through 2012, 15 structures have been decommissioned. Decommissioning is the final stage of an assets life cycle, where all wells are plugged and abandoned, the structure and associated production facilities are removed, and the seafloor cleared of all debris created by the operations. The purpose of this paper is to describe a decommissioning forecast for deepwater structures in the Gulf of Mexico. Three approaches (“simple models”) based on lease status, gross revenue, and production forecasting are applied to infer a short, medium, and long-term decommissioning forecast. Model assumptions are outlined along with a discussion of the limitations and uncertainty of analysis. About two dozen deepwater fixed platforms are expected to be removed over the next decade, but only 5 floaters are expected to be decommissioned through 2032.     

微型客车覆盖件抗凹性有限元分析与研究

文章运用有限元数值模拟方法模拟了车门外板凹陷变形过程,对其抗凹性进行了分析和评价,并采用数值模拟的方法对优化方案的可行性进行了验证。研究表明,有限元方法可以便利地预测和评定覆盖件的抗凹性能,为覆盖件结构的优化设计和材料选取提供理论指导和数据依据。     

Methane release and coastal environment in the East Siberian Arctic shelf

In this paper we present 2 years of data obtained during the late summer period (September 2003 and September 2004) for the East Siberian Arctic shelf (ESAS). According to our data, the surface layer of shelf water was supersaturated up to 2500% relative to the present average atmospheric methane content of 1.85 ppm, pointing to the rivers as a strong source of dissolved methane which comes from watersheds which are underlain with permafrost. Anomalously high concentrations (up to 154 nM or 4400% supersaturation) of dissolved methane in the bottom layer of shelf water at a few sites suggest that the bottom layer is somehow affected by near-bottom sources. The net flux of methane from this area of the East Siberian Arctic shelf can reach up to 13.7 × 10⁴ g CH₄ km^− 2 from plume areas during the period of ice free water, and thus is in the upper range of the estimated global marine methane release. Ongoing environmental change might affect the methane marine cycle since significant changes in the thermal regime of bottom sediments within a few sites were registered. Correlation between calculated methane storage within the water column and both integrated salinity values (r = 0.61) and integrated values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (r = 0.62) suggest that higher concentrations of dissolved methane were mostly derived from the marine environment, likely due to in-situ production or release from decaying submarine gas hydrates deposits. The calculated late summer potential methane emissions tend to vary from year to year, reflecting most likely the effect of changing hydrological and meteorological conditions (temperature, wind) on the ESAS rather than riverine export of dissolved methane. We point out additional sources of methane in this region such as submarine taliks, ice complex retreat, submarine permafrost itself and decaying gas hydrates deposits.     

天津市津涞道外环线立交方案选择分析

外环线、津涞道为天津市快速路主骨架的重要组成部分。此文主要介绍了津涞道外环线互通式立交的方案选择过程，阐述了互通式立交方案的总体设计思路。     

铁路工程项目实行架子队管理模式探索与研究

为了杜绝铁路建设项目“转包、违法分包”,确保铁路工程的质量和施工安全,强化对施工作业层的管理和控制,创新劳务管理模式,自2008年起,铁道部明确要求铁路工程项目积极推广架子队管理模式。此文结合架子队管理模式在京沪高铁项目上的实践经验,对架子队的标准化建设进行探索与研究,指出其在具体施工中的不足之处与存在的问题,并以此为基础对架子队管理创新进行了进一步研究。     

基于型面模板的覆盖件拉延模型面快速设计研究

基于型面模板概念，针对构成型面模板工艺要素之间的相互关系建立了型面模板的装配关系模型，研究了型面模板参数化造型系统的实现技术?介绍了基于型面模板的覆盖件拉延模型面快速设计过程。从冲压方向的确定、边界识别和关键点的创建、压料面的设计、工艺补允面的没计及拉延筋设计等方面，对所开发的汽车覆盖件拉延模型面设计系统进行了介绍。     

高速铁路27.5kV电缆金属护层的雷击感应电压

在建立并验证高速铁路27.5kV电缆分布式参数等效模型的基础上,采用MATLAB软件仿真研究接触网避雷器经接地电阻接地、避雷器故障导致绝缘子发生雷击闪络2种工况下,雷电流波经接触网入侵电缆线芯导体时接地电阻和土壤电阻率对电缆金属护层雷击感应电压的影响,以及电缆长度、雷电流波陡度对电缆金属护层雷击感应电压的影响。结果表明:电缆金属护层的雷击感应电压最大值随避雷器接地电阻的增加而增加,呈线性关系,当接地电阻增加到10Ω时,入侵电缆线芯的雷电流最大值约为13kA,说明避雷器发挥的保护作用受限;避雷器故障导致绝缘子发生雷击闪络时,如果土壤电阻率大于800Ω·m,电缆金属护层的雷击感应电压最大值超出外护套冲击耐受电压,可能导致击穿外护套;长度为500m的电缆其金属护层的雷击感应电压最大值最小;电缆金属护层的雷击感应电压最大值随着雷电流波陡度的增大而增大,但增长率逐渐下降。     

大陆架划界原则比较研究——兼论我国东海大陆架划界原则的选择

大陆架划界原则主要有公平原则(或公平原则/有关情况规则)、等距离-特殊情况原则、自然延伸原则、成比例原则等.公平原则是海洋划界的习惯国际法和最终目的,也是我国明确主张的划界原则,等距离-特殊情况只是一种划界方法.我国在东海大陆架划界中应主张公平原则(或公平原则/有关情况规则),自然延伸是应考虑的有关情况之一,成比例是划界公平与否的检验标准.