机载光电设备隔振装置设计开发与性能分析

飞机在飞行的过程中所产生的激励会对机载光电设备产生振动影响,为了保证设备的正常工作,需要安装隔振装置对设备进行隔振.运用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立橡胶隔振支座有限元模型,在外加激励的作用下,对隔振支座进行分析,得到相应的振动响应;同时在满足设计要求的情况下,建立多种型号的隔振支座,设定橡胶材料的阻尼系数并进行模拟,得到的振动响应与外加激励进行对比,在较保守的阻尼比为0.08的情况下,其减振效果能够超过80％,在阻尼比为0.10的情况下起隔振效果能够近似90％.     

城市轨道交通轨道减振升级改造方法研究

中国早期建设的城市轨道交通线路,限于当时认知和技术水平等历史条件,在技术规范、评价预测和技术措施等方面均存在一定不足,投入运营后部分地段存在振动噪声扰民问题.为了彻底解决上述问题,针对既有运营线路的环境敏感地段,开展道床减振升级改造工作既是必要的,也是迫切的任务.从三方面入手进行了相关研究,设计方面进行了隧道内道床减振...     

船闸平板输水阀门动力优化及流激振动特性分析*

针对船闸大尺寸平板输水阀门的流激振动问题,应用模态试验与有限元数值模拟相结合的分析方法研究阀门的 自振特性,指导阀门结构动力优化设计,通过水弹性模型试验研究阀门的流激振动特性。研究表明：阀门自振频率的试验 值和计算值吻合较好,振型完全一致;结构优化后基频显著提高,已完全脱离了水流脉动的高能区,流激振动响应较小, 不至于产生危害。     

地铁车站结构随机振动响应分析

基于地震反应的随机非确定性,运用基于概率统计方法的随机振动理论进行结构抗震分析,考察结构的动力可靠度,是一种合理的设计方法。运用虚拟激励法对青岛地铁五四广场站进行随机振动分析,避免了传统方法计算的冗繁,得到了具有统计意义的结构动力响应。考虑x向功率谱输入时,弯矩分布较为均匀;地铁结构体型变化较大的部位剪力明显增大;柱底剪力较小,边跨柱剪力小于中跨柱底剪力。考虑y向功率谱函数输入时,沿梁轴向剪力值逐渐增大,柱底剪力明显大于x向输入时的柱底剪力,边跨柱柱底剪力大于中跨柱底剪力。所得结论为地铁站这一复杂结构形式进行基于可靠度理论的设计提供了依据,可以作为同类设计的参考指导。     

设备振动荷载对转运站结构设计的影响

港口工程中的转运站内设置有各种工艺设备,这些工艺设备荷载较大,设备运行所产生的振动荷载会对结构产 生较大的影响。若结构整体布置、构件断面设计不合理,将会影响结构的使用性能,甚至会对结构安全造成影响。设备振 动荷载对结构设计的影响分为3部分：对荷载取值的影响、对构件设计的影响、对结构整体设计的影响。转运站的振动控制 应主要控制水平振动位移。提出转运站考虑设备振动荷载影响的设计原则与计算方法,并针对减小设备振动对结构受力、 使用性能的影响提出建议。     

用模态综合模型对制动器噪声进行模拟分析与抑制

综述了对于制动器噪声问题能进行较为有效控制且得到应用的研究技术成果,利用在研究制动器噪声问题发生机理的基础上发展的系统模态综合模型分析方法,对一个存在低频噪声的制动器进行了分析.找出了影响噪声发生的关键构件是制动器支架,对其进行了改进设计,通过按照SAE J2521标准进行的台架试验,证明其有效性,并将原制动器按SAE...     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.