Simulation of city bus performance based on actual urban driving cycle in China

This paper establishes the simulation model of a city bus on the basis of the EQ6110 bus prototype and its experimental data. According to the actual urban driving cycle, the fuel economy and the traction performance of the EQ6110 city bus have been simulated, and factors such as the driving cycle, the loss of power to engine accessories, the gear-shifting strategy, the fuel shut-off strategy of the engine, etc., which influence on the bus’s fuel economy, are also quantitatively analyzed. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) driving cycles have a great influence on the fuel economy of a city bus; (2) under the typical urban driving cycle of the public bus in China, the engine fuel shut-off strategy can save about 1 to 1.5 percent of the fuel consumption; and (3) the optimized gear-shifting rules can save 6.7 percent of the fuel consumption. Experimental results verify that the fuel economy for the EQ6110 public bus is improved by 7.2 pecent over the actual Wuhan urban driving cycle of the current public bus in China.     

“BRT主导型”TOD与城市空间有序发展

对我国城市空间发展趋势和实施公共交通导向开发（TOD）的情况进行分析,针对目前以轨道交通为主导的TOD模式存在的问题,提出在我国快速城市化背景下采用“BRT主导型”TOD模式更具有现实意义。并对不同城市规模和空间发展模式下“BRT主导型”TOD模式的适应性进行了分析。最后,以烟台市为实例,结合城市规划远景目标,提出以BRT为主导的城市TOD发展策略。     

沥青路面PCI中车辙换算系数研究

通过对国内外车辙换算系数取值方法的研究,结合实体工程的实测数据与实际路况的对比,对现有车辙换算系数的优缺点进行了分析,提出了车辙换算系数的连续式计算公式。研究表明:根据现有车辙换算系数计算方法计算得到PCI指标值,与实际路况多数存在较大的偏差;而采用研究提出的车辙换算系数计算公式得到的PCI指标值,与实际路况有较好的一致性。     

Driver behavior formulation in intersection dilemma zones with phone use distraction via a logit-Bayesian network hybrid approach

Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks.     

Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles

Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle.     

Signal coordination model for local arterial with heavy bus flows

Conventional Transit Signal Priority (TSP) controls often reach the limitation for arterials accommodating heavy bus flows since the priority function can significantly increase delay at minor streets. Under such conditions, a proper signal progression plan that accounts for the benefits of buses may offer the potential to improve the reliability of bus operations and increase the bus ridership. This study proposes a bus-based progression model to reduce the delay of buses on local arterials. Given the cycle length and green splits at each intersection, the bus-based progression model, grounded on the same notion as conventional signal progression methods, considers the operational characteristics of transit vehicles, such as the impact of bus dwell time and the capacity constraints at bus stops. Also, to deal with the stochastic nature of dwell time, this study introduces additional constraints to maximize the percentage of buses which can stay within the green band after leaving bus stops. Taking an arterial with five intersections and three two-way bus stops as an example, this study applies VISSIM as an unbiased tool for model evaluation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can significantly reduce bus passenger delays and the average person delays for the entire arterial, compared with the conventional progression models.     

R407C在客车空调中的应用技术

介绍R407C与R134a理论热力循环计算方法;对R407C客车空调系统性能的变化、零部件和材料的选用进行技术分析;为R407C客车空调器的研发设计提供参考。     

某款纯电动客车系统匹配和方案设计

结合某款纯电动客车的研发与应用,介绍纯电动系统的匹配设计和整车CAN网络架构,并提出合理的纯电动系统高压配电管理方案。     

“公交优先”战略下清远市公交发展研究

交通拥堵和交通污染问题是近年来引人关注的问题,特别是交通碳减排已成为发达国家碳减排的重点领域,而优先发展公交系统对解决上述问题具有重大的现实意义。在总结和阐述公交优先发展的内涵和意义的基础上,以清远市公交系统为研究对象,总结和分析了"公交优先"战略下清远市公交发展现状和问题,提出了清远市公交优先发展的思路与具体做法,并根据现有情况规划了三种不同水平的公交优先发展情景方案,计算了三种方案下二氧化碳的排放量。结果显示:公交很高吸引力的方案比一般吸引力的方案每年少排二氧化碳38.9万t,年度减排直接效益为2 723万元,节约能源的直接效益为12.5亿元。最后提出了清远市公交优先发展的政策建议。     

一种基于县域城乡客运公交化改造的公交时刻表编制方法

为进一步协调县域城乡客运公交化改造与公交高效化运营之间的关系,合理确定城乡客运公交化改造后的公交时刻表至关重要。以县域城乡客运公交化改造为研究对象,提出了一种适合城乡客运公交化改造的公交时刻表编制方法。通过人工调查法获取客流信息,建立客流处理模型,获得最大断面客流量等信息。在此基础上,运用客流需求法建立数学模型,求得发车时间间隔并优化。最后,通过比较验证获得最终的公交时刻表。以池河至石泉客运班线公交化改造为例,改造后的公交时刻表极大地方便了沿线居民的出行,从而证明该时刻表具有较好的可行性。