汽车驾驶人的可靠性分析

交通运输系统是具有关键性人为差错的冗余系统,通过引入人为差错概念,对时间连续工作驾驶人的可靠性进行分析．用经典的可靠度函数方法或马尔可夫方法建立了同样的驾驶人可靠性数学模型,同时提出了驾驶应力（忧虑）的新概念,指出它是影响驾驶工作工效和可靠性的重要因素。     

A comparison of modelled and real-life driving profiles for the simulation of railway vehicle operation

A key factor in determining the performance of a railway system is the speed profile of the trains within the network. There can be significant variation in this speed profile for identical trains on identical routes, depending on how the train is driven. A better understanding and control of speed profiles can therefore offer significant potential for improvements in the performance of railway systems. This paper develops a model to allow the variability of real-life driving profiles of railway vehicles to be quantitatively described and predicted, in order to better account for the effects on the speed profile of the train and hence the performance of the railway network as a whole. The model is validated against data from the Tyne and Wear Metro, and replicates the measured data to a good degree of accuracy.     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

Understanding the impacts of a combination of service improvement strategies on bus running time and passenger’s perception

Transit agencies implement many strategies in order to provide an attractive transportation service. This article aims to evaluate the impacts of implementing a combination of strategies, designed to improve the bus transit service, on running time and passenger satisfaction. These strategies include using smart card fare collection, introducing limited-stop bus service, implementing reserved bus lanes, using articulated buses, and implementing transit signal priority (TSP). This study uses stop-level data collected from the Société de transport de Montréal (STM)’s automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger count (APC) systems, in Montréal, Canada. The combination of these strategies has lead to a 10.5% decline in running time along the limited stop service compared to the regular service. The regular route running time has increased by 1% on average compared to the initial time period. The study also shows that riders are generally satisfied with the service improvements. They tend to overestimate the savings associated with the implementation of this combination of strategies by 3.5-6.0 min and by 2.5-4.1 min for both the regular route and the limited stop service, respectively. This study helps transit planners and policy makers to better understand the effects of implementing a combination of strategies to improve running time and passenger’s perception of these changes in service.     

驾驶人安全意识体验式训练装置研究

通过对目前常用驾驶人安全意识培训方法的对比,认为体验式培训为最适合的培训方法;进一步对我国2007-2010年间大型道路交通事故特征进行分析,得出驾乘人员不系安全带是引起人员伤亡一大原因。通过设计研发碰撞、翻转两个体验式训练装置,使驾乘人员在保证安全的前提下真切感受道路交通事故发生瞬间安全带对人体的保护作用,有效提高驾驶人的安全意识,减少道路交通事故的发生及人员的伤亡。     

高频雷达信号的双线性时频分布性能研究

针对海杂波背景下高频地波雷达的目标探测问题,采用时频分析方法研究对海杂波中的非平稳多分量目标探测。讨论了海杂波背景下的目标检测问题,以及信号的双线性时频分布,通过仿真研究了时频分布性能,尤其是核函数抑制多分量目标的交叉项作用。仿真结果显示,伪Wigner-Ville分布较Wigner-Ville分布对于交叉项的抑制作用较大,而平滑伪Wigner-Ville分布降低交叉项的效果更好。     

发电机组并联运行有功、无功综合调控技术

介绍了发电机组的转速、电压控制原理以及有功、无功综合调控技术的控制原理;并通过实例介绍了采用该控制技术的船舶电站监控系统。实践表明,融合有功、无功综合调控技术的电站监控系统在投入运行后,实现了任意组态下,并联机组有功、无功功率稳定的自动调整,使得多个电站机组长期并联运行更加可靠。     

基于名义应力法的疲劳卡片构建方法研究

基于有限元的疲劳寿命预测可应用于各行业,疲劳寿命预测精度的提高,离不开有效的材料疲劳卡片,疲劳卡片反映了载荷水平与疲劳寿命的关系。通过设计合理的材料试样的疲劳试验,结合试验与有限元计算,计算不同损伤参量创建应用于疲劳寿命分析的材料疲劳卡片,同时对疲劳卡片的仿真精度进行了验证。结果表明,基于名义应力法构建的疲劳卡片具备较高的预测精度,结合材料试验数据与仿真结果构建的多应力比S-N疲劳卡片,可用于其他适用于应力疲劳分析的零部件疲劳寿命分析,为提高零部件疲劳寿命预测精度提供新的技术途径,为零件的前期结构设计提供参考,可在不同领域进行推广并开展进一步分析研究。     

城市客车内饰风道设计简述

城市客车内饰风道设计的好坏对车辆的运行性能似乎没有什么影响,往往容易被忽视。风道不仅影响到内饰的美观而且对空调客车内室的保温、减少空调系统的损失,提高运行经济性起到至关重要的作用。这里对城市客车风道的结构设计、材料应用及其隔热措施保温提出了自己的见解,并着重叙述了风道的保温。