葡萄牙人东来初期的海上交通与瓷器贸易

1511年,葡萄牙人占领马六甲,并以此为据点,渗透入东南亚的传统贸易网络,同时积极寻求与中国商人的贸易机会。由于早期中葡官方往来的交恶,活跃于中国东南沿海的葡萄牙商人逐渐参与到本地贸易网络的走私活动中,航行于广东及浙江的诸多离岛,与往来此地的中国私商进行贸易。关于这一时期葡萄牙商人在东南沿海的航行及贸易细节,文献档案的记载较为有限,而在作为出口商品的外销瓷器上却有迹可寻。因此,本文将主要考察收藏于东南亚、中东及欧洲等地的早期中葡贸易瓷器,结合文献记载,探讨此时期中葡瓷器贸易的规模、路线及交易模式等问题,以推进我们对葡萄牙人东来早期海上活动的认识。     

Examination of factors affecting freeway incident clearance times: a comparison of the generalized F model and several alternative nested models

Traffic incidents are a principal cause of congestion on urban freeways, reducing capacity and creating risks for both involved motorists and incident response personnel. As incident durations increase, the risk of secondary incidents or crashes also becomes problematic. In response to these issues, many road agencies in metropolitan areas have initiated incident management programs aimed at detecting, responding to, and clearing incidents to restore freeways to full capacity as quickly and safely as possible. This study examined those factors that impact the time required by the Michigan Department of Transportation Freeway Courtesy Patrol to clear incidents that occurred on the southeastern Michigan freeway network. These models were developed using traffic flow data, roadway geometry information, and an extensive incident inventory database. A series of parametric hazard duration models were developed, each assuming a different underlying probability distribution for the hazard function. Although each modeling framework provided results that were similar in terms of the direction of factor effects, there was significant variability in terms of the estimated magnitude of these impacts. The generalized F distribution was shown to provide the best fit to the incident clearance time data, and the use of poorer fitting distributions was shown to result in severe over‐estimation or under‐estimation of factor effects. Those factors that were found to impact incident clearance times included the time of day and month when the incident occurred, the geometric and traffic characteristics of the freeway segment, and the characteristics of each incident. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

嵌入式PLC高速脉冲输出的研究与实现

本文介绍了基于C8051F020单片机的嵌入式PLC的高速脉冲输出功能的开发。灵活运用C8051F020内部提供的可编程计数器阵列(PCA)模块实现了PLC高速脉冲输出功能。     

乌鞘岭隧道F7断层的黏弹性位移反演分析

工程材料受力变形的性态常与时间有关,这类现象一般称为材料变形的黏性效应,材料发生随时间而增长的变形时,如果始终处于弹性受力状态,则称发生的变形为黏弹性变形。结合乌鞘岭隧道穿越F7断层段所取得的量测资料,将计算区域内的岩石视为均质各向同性体,初始地应力假设成均匀分布,采用三单元模型,对有限元黏弹性问题进行优化反演分析,得出围岩区域内的水平侧压力系数和所使用模型中的弹性模量和黏滞系数。反演分析表明,该隧道发生较大变形的主要原因是较大应力场的存在、围岩的软弱和较强的蠕变性。结论可为挤压性断层中隧道的支护设计、施工组织提供可靠的依据。     

M701F燃机燃烧系统简介

介绍三菱生产的M701F型重型燃气轮机燃烧系统的主要结构特点以及燃烧系统设置的主要保护。     

TMS320F2812外扩RAM的.cmd文件配置

针对TMS320F2812在外扩RAM的情况下,描述了其接线方法并给出了原理图,并从其存储空间来理解.cmd文件.在利用外扩RAM时(在non-DSP/BIOS工程中),举例说明了.cmd文件在flash上的分配方法.     

剪式电动车门的自动控制系统

介绍了一种用单片机(ATmega16)为核心的剪式电动车门自动开关的实现方案及其硬件设计方法。该方案可以实现左右车门在遥控操作下自动开启或关闭,且遇到障碍物时能自动识别并停止当前动作。     

AC-16C热拌沥青混合料目标配合比设计在山区市政道路改造中的应用

针对英德市区的气候条件、集料质量，及交通状况，结合英德市区道路沥青改造工程的实践，从原材料及其级配的确定以及评价指标等方面，系统介绍了AC-16C沥青混合料目标配合比设计过程，通过中心试验室的验证以及施工过程的现场抽检，检验了该目标配合比设计的优越性，为促进山区道路沥青改造提供了有益的探索。     

THE CONSTRUCTION OF HPV16-L1 RECOMBINANT PLASMID AND ITS EXPRESSION IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

Ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｇｅｎｉｔａｌｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈ－ｒｉｓｋｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｈｕｍａｎｐａｐｉｌｌｏｍａｖｉｒｕｓ（ＨＰＶ），ｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｅｎＨＰＶ１６，ａｒｅｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｒｉｓｋｆａｃｔｏｒｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｃｅｒｖｉｃａｌｃａｎｃｅｒ．ＨＰＶ１６ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓａｎｄｎａｔｉｖｅｖｉｒｉｏｎｓｏｎｌｙｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｅｄｓｕｐｅｒｆｉｃｉａ…     

先进战术数据链的报文解读

采用固定格式报文交换战术信息的先进战术数据链,例如Link 22/16,使用统一标准的报文解释形式.报文字包含多个数据元素及其标识符.数据元素字典建立起构成数据元素的数据项名称含义及其代码的关系,它们是支持自动解读报文的核心.