Dynamic traffic metering in urban street networks: Formulation and solution algorithm

Traffic metering offers great potential to reduce congestion and enhance network performance in oversaturated urban street networks. This paper presents an optimization program for dynamic traffic metering in urban street networks based on the Cell Transmission Model (CTM). We have formulated the problem as a Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) capable of metering traffic at network gates with given signal timing parameters at signalized intersections. Due to the complexities of the MILP model, we have developed a novel and efficient solution approach that solves the problem by converting the MILP to a linear program and several CTM simulation runs. The solution algorithm is applied to two case studies under different conditions. The proposed solution technique finds solutions that have a maximum gap of 1% of the true optimal solution and guarantee the maximum throughput by keeping some vehicles at network gates and only allowing enough vehicles to enter the network to prevent gridlocks. This is confirmed by comparing the case studies with and without traffic metering. The results in an adapted real-world case study network show that traffic metering can increase network throughput by 4.9–38.9% and enhance network performance.     

Optimal design of electric vehicle public charging system in an urban network for Greenhouse Gas Emission and cost minimization

In this paper, we address the optimization problem of allocation of Electric Vehicle (EV) public fast charging stations over an urban grid network. The objective is to minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) under multiple constraints including a limited agency budget, accessibility of charging stations in every possible charging request and charging demands during peak hours. Additionally, we address bi-criteria problems to consider user costs as the second objective. A convex parsimonious model that depends on relatively few assumptions and input parameters is proposed and it is shown to be useful for obtaining conceptual insights for high-level planning. In a parametric study using a hypothetical urban network model generated based on realistic parameters, we show that GHG emissions decrease with agency budget, and that the reductions vary depending on multiple factors related to EV market and EV technologies. The optimal solutions found from the bi-criteria problems are shown to be close to the solution minimizing GHG emissions only, meaning that the emission minimizing policy can also minimize user costs.     

钩形外锁闭装置锁闭框组优化的探讨

钩形外锁闭装置在实践中逐步暴露出一些诸如转换不畅、卡阻,磨耗严重,适应尖轨窜动性不良等问题.为此研究探讨对既有的外锁闭装置锁闭框组（包括锁闭框、锁闭铁、耐磨板等）进行优化,提高道岔转换的可靠性.     

Optimal placement of omnidirectional sensors in a transportation network for effective emergency response and crash characterization

Rapid motor vehicle crash detection and characterization is possible through the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and sensors are an integral part of any ITS system. The major focus of this paper is on developing optimal placement of accident detecting omnidirectional sensors to maximize incident detection capabilities and provide ample opportunities for data fusion and crash characterization. Both omnidirectional sensors (placed in suitable infrastructure locations) and mobile sensors are part of our analysis. The surrogates used are acoustic sensors (omnidirectional) and Advanced Automated Crash Notification (AACN) sensors (mobile). This data fusion rich placement is achieved through a hybrid optimization model comprising of an explicit–implicit coverage model followed by an evaluation and local search optimization using simulation. The compound explicit–implicit model delivers good initial solutions and improves the detection and data fusion capabilities compared to the explicit model alone. The results of the studies conducted quantify the use of a data fusion capable environment in crash detection scenarios, and the simulation tool developed helps a decision maker evaluate sensor placement strategy.     

基于模糊PID控制的ABS仿真研究

以车轮滑移率为控制对象,分析了模糊控制的理论基础,将传统的模糊控制与经典的PID控制相结合,提出了白适应模糊PID控制算法,并进行了仿真研究.     

1+X证书制度下汽车运用与维修技术专业实训资源建设路径探析

文章以汽车运用与维修技术专业为例,分析该专业的实训资源在1+X证书制度实施过程中存在的问题,提出实训资源优化整合建设的必要性。依据《汽车运用与维修(含智能新能源汽车)职业技能领域职业技能等级标准》设计出汽车运用与维修技术专业实训资源优化整合建设架构图,并对实训资源优化整合建设给出了详细的方案。     

Environmental impacts of public transport systems using real-time control method

Public Transport (PT) systems rely more and more on online information extracted from both operator’s intelligent equipment and user’s smartphone applications. This allows for a better fit between supply and demand of the multimodal PT system, especially through the use of PT real-time control actions/tactics. In doing so there is also an opportunity to consider environmental-related issues to approach energy saving and reduced pollution. This study investigates and analyses the benefits of using real-time PT operational tactics in reducing the undesirable environmental impacts. A tactic-based control (TBC) optimization model is used to minimize total passenger travel time and maximize direct transfers (without waiting). The model consists of a control policy built upon a combination of three tactics: holding, skip-stops, and boarding limit. The environmental-related measure is the global warming potential (GWP) using the life cycle assessment technique. The methodology developed is applied to a real life case study in Auckland, New Zealand. Results show that TBC could reduce the GWP by means of reduction of total passenger travel times and vehicle travel cycle time. That is, the TBC model results in a 5.6% reduction in total GWP per day compared with an existing no-tactic scenario. This study supports the use of real-time control actions to maintain a reliable PT service, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and subsequently moving towards greener PT systems.     

铁路空车调整优化模型及其蚁群算法

以理论研究为主,通过对空车调整问题的特点分析,明确了空车数量调配和网络配流是空车调整的两个核心问题;在分析已有模型及对问题进行抽象描述的基础上,建立了空车调整协同优化（EWDCO）模型,并设计了相应的蚁群算法。分析发现,共同径路约束与EWDCO模型是不协调的;通过对定理的证明得出,对流约束不会对EWDCO模型的最优解产生影响,模型可以描述为线性整数规划模型,其实质是带容量约束的最小费用流模型。同时,研究表明ACO对求解空车调整问题具有一定的优势,是一种较为有效的算法。     

小型双甲板远洋拖网渔船结构优化设计

针对34.5 m双甲板远洋拖网渔船,考虑船东使用后提出的建议,依据《钢质海洋渔船建造规范(2015)》要求对船体结构进行最优化设计,着重对加工间和机舱做到空间最大化,尽可能优化上层结构;利用ANSYS对龙门架选用高强度钢来减小板厚进行分析,加强球鼻结构,减少舷墙构件,做到既符合规范要求又满足渔民实际使用要求。结果表明:优化设计使得机舱空间更合理,结构连续性更好,减轻了上层质量,降低了钢料重心。     

某船用柴油机SCR尿素喷射系统结构参数仿真优化

在建立的SCR系统三维仿真模型基础上,首先通过仿真性能分析,初步确定了尿素喷嘴位置、喷孔直径、喷孔数目及喷射方向等尿素喷射结构参数范围,然后采用正交试验法确定尿素喷射结构参数仿真试验方案。以NO_X转化率为优化目标,通过极差分析和方差分析得到优化的尿素喷射结构参数方案为:喷嘴与催化剂入口距离为7倍管径,喷嘴孔数为6孔,喷嘴孔径为0.6 mm,喷射锥角为30°。