南京和燕路长江隧道 总体设计研究

南京和燕路长江隧道是国内水深最大、水压最高的超大直径盾构隧道,也是首条一次性穿越强透水砂层、软硬不均复合地层、硬岩层、岩溶地层和区域断裂等多种复杂地质条件的水下隧道。本文结合工程建设环境条件、隧道施工安全与风险等因素,对工程总体设计的平面设计、纵断面设计、横断面布置、疏散救援等技术问题进行了分析研究,确定了合理的工程总体设计方案,可为类似工程提供参考。     

Changes in dissolved silicate loads to the Baltic Sea — The effects of lakes and reservoirs

We tested the hypothesis that dissolved silicate (DSi) yields [kg km^− 2 yr^− 1] of 82 major watersheds of the Baltic Sea can be expressed as a function of the hydraulic load (HL) as a measure of water residence time and the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, both variables potentially increasing the DSi yield. Most boreal rivers fitted a linear regression model using HL as an independent variable to explain the DSi yield. Rivers with high HL, i.e., shortest residence times, showed highest DSi yields up to 2300 kg km^− 2 yr^− 1. This is most likely caused by an excess supply of DSi, i.e., the geochemical sources prevail over biological sinks in these boreal watersheds. The DSi yield for regulated and unregulated larger rivers of the boreal watersheds constituting about 40% of the total water discharge and of the total DSi load to the Baltic Sea, respectively, can be expressed as: DSi yield = 190 + 49.5 HL[m yr^− 1] + 0.346 TOC [µM] (R² = 0.80). Since both HL and TOC concentrations have decreased after damming, the DSi yields have decreased significantly in the regulated boreal watersheds, for the River Luleälven we estimated more than 30%. The larger eutrophic watersheds draining cultivated landscape of the southern catchment of the Baltic Sea and representing about 50% of the annual water discharge to the Baltic Sea, deviated from this pattern and showed lower DSi yields between 60–580 kg km^− 2 yr^− 1. DSi yields showed saturation curve like relationship to HL and it appears that DSi is retained in the watersheds efficiently through biogenic silica (BSi) production and subsequent sedimentation along the entire river network. The relationship between HL and DSi yields for all larger cultivated watersheds was best fitted by a Freundlich isotherm (DSi = 115.7HL¹⁰⁹; R² = 0.73), because once lake and reservoir area exceeds 10% of the watershed area, minimum DSi yields were reached. To estimate an uperturbed DSi yield for the larger eutrophic southeastern watersheds is still difficult, since no unperturbed watersheds for comparison were available. However, a rough estimate indicate that the DSi flux from the cultivated watersheds to the Baltic Sea is nowadays only half the uperturbed flux. Overall, the riverine DSi loads to the Baltic Sea might have dropped with 30–40% during the last century.     

Sasojuve再生养护剂在大佛寺长江大桥预防性养护中的应用

该文指出城市桥梁养护关系到群众的出行、货物运输和日常交通,是城市的重要节点。接着,介绍了重庆大佛寺长江大桥采用Sasojuve路面再生养护剂对桥面进行涂刷,不仅对桥面已老化沥青混合料起到再生作用,还防止桥面出现早期破坏,从而有效地保障了桥梁的正常使用。     

Influence of the Mackenzie River plume on the sinking export of particulate material on the shelf

We examined the influence of the Mackenzie River plume on sinking fluxes of particulate organic and inorganic material on the Mackenzie Shelf, Canadian Arctic. Short-term particle interceptor traps were deployed under the halocline at 3 stations across the shelf during fall 2002 and at 3 stations along the shelf edge during summer 2004. During the two sampling periods, the horizontal patterns in sinking fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) and chlorophyll a (chl a) paralleled those in chl a biomass within the plume. Highest sinking fluxes of particulate organic material occurred at stations strongly influenced by the river plume (maximum POC sinking fluxes at 25 m of 98 mg C m^− 2 d^− 1 and 197 mg C m^− 2 d^− 1 in 2002 and 2004, respectively). The biogeochemical composition of the sinking material varied seasonally with phytoplankton and fecal pellets contributing considerably to the sinking flux in summer, while amorphous detritus dominated in the fall. Also, the sinking phytoplankton assemblage showed a seasonal succession from a dominance of diatoms in summer to flagellates and dinoflagellates in the fall. The presence of the freshwater diatom Eunotia sp. in the sinking assemblage directly underneath the river plume indicates the contribution of a phytoplankton community carried by the plume to the sinking export of organic material. Yet, increasing chl a and BioSi sinking fluxes with depth indicated an export of phytoplankton from the water column below the river plume during summer and fall. Grazing activity, mostly by copepods, and to a lesser extent by appendicularians, appeared to occur in a well-defined stratum underneath the river plume, particularly during summer. These results show that the Mackenzie River influences the magnitude and composition of the sinking material on the shelf in summer and fall, but does not constitute the only source of material sinking to depth at stations influenced by the river plume.     

进江海轮在能见度不良时的操纵

本文从能见度不良船舶的行动规则及近距离避让两方面着手,阐述进江海轮在能见度不良时的操纵避让措施并提出相关建议,以使船舶驾引人员能从中得到启发,对进江海轮在能见度不良时的安全航行有一定的参考价值,对驾引人员的实际应用亦有一定的参考意义。     

引汉济渭工程岭北隧洞TBM利用率分析

为了分析TBM利用率的主要影响因素,统计分析引汉济渭工程岭北隧洞连续掘进2 100 m的围岩特征和掘进记录,确定了导致TBM非正常停机的底事件,建立了TBM非正常停机故障树模型,结果表明出渣系统故障、支护设备故障、刀盘刀具故障和电气故障是导致TBM利用率不高的主要因素。通过TBM利用率及主要故障与场切深指数（Field Penetration Index,FPI）相关性分析,表明节理破碎岩体中TBM利用率与FPI之间不存在明显相关性,出渣系统故障、支护设备故障、刀盘刀具故障与FPI有较强的相关性。分析主要故障发生原因,从设备管理和现场施工管理2个方面提出TBM利用率提高措施。     

大佛寺长江大桥远程状态监测系统开发及实现

针对大佛寺长江大桥的实际情况和具体要求进行了远程状态监测系统的开发,该系统包括现场监测子系统和远程监测子系统。现场监测子系统可以通过安装在桥梁关键部位的光纤应变传感器、光电连通管式挠度传感器、温度传感器等获得桥梁的状态信息并存储,还可以通过光缆将信息传输到远程监测子系统以供分析桥梁的安全状态。整个系统已于2002年底安装在大佛寺长江大桥上。     

上海长江大桥60m跨预制拼装主梁设计

根据堡镇沙浅水区河床特征,确定上海长江大桥中60 m跨连续梁采用预制节段悬臂拼装法施工.介绍该连续梁的结构布置及主要构造、预应力体系、结构计算分析和主要施工方法等,并对短线法预制曲线梁的尺寸修正、节段预制精度和节段拼装精度的控制、体外预应力计算方法的简化处理、体外预应力损失的计算以及体外束的耐久性设计等关键技术进行详细的说明.     

“钢板凳”与套箱组合施工河床无覆盖层处桥梁桩基工法浅谈

在山区河流建桥,经常碰到因水流冲刷造成岩面裸露而无覆盖层的情况,对吉首至怀化高速公路舞水大桥对该种地质情况处桥梁施工工法进行了简要介绍,以供参考。     

东营黄河公路大桥桥位河段水文分析

东营黄河公路大桥是黄河干流上濒临入海口的最后一座特大型桥梁,桥位河段水文条件十分复杂。该文论述了桥位河段设计流量、水位、河道冲淤、防凌、通航要求和小浪底工程的影响等桥渡水文要素和桥梁设计的控制条件。