基于P&I Club要求的钢材装船前检验研究

文章根据船东保赔协会对钢材装船前检验的要求,阐述了检验的具体步骤,并提出了相关建议,对检验从业人员,具有一定的参考价值。     

Institutional constraints on transport policymaking: the case of company cars in Israel

Transportation analysis emphasizes the necessity to internalize the transport externalities of car usage through taxation. Yet taxation decisions are often made with non-transport goals in mind. In such cases, transport policies are made ‘by the way.’ This paper examines such a case: Israel’s taxation policy on company cars. It shows that current taxation policies result in increasing numbers of company cars and growing numbers of transport users who are not sensitive to the marginal cost of car use and make excessive use of the car. As a result, a significant portion of Travel Demand Management (TDM) measures cannot affect this group. The Israeli case of company car tax reform demonstrates the problematic effect of a policy that does not take its overall consequences on other policy fields into account and thereby impairs efforts to reduce the negative impacts of the transport system. Also, it demonstrates the importance of institutional aspects of transport policymaking.

Modelling market diffusion of electric vehicles with real world driving data – German market and policy options

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have the potential to reduce green house gas emissions from the transport sector. However, the limited electric range of PEVs could impede their market introduction. Still some potential users are willing to pay more for PEVs. The combined effect of these and other influencing factors as well as the resulting future market evolution are unclear. Here, we study the market evolution of PEVs in Germany until 2020. Our results reveal a great deal of uncertainty in the market evolution of PEVs due to external conditions and the users’ willingness to pay. We find the future share of PEVs in German passenger car stock to range from 0.4% to almost 3% by 2020. Energy prices have a large impact on PEV market evolution as a 25% increase in fuel prices would double the number of PEVs in stock by 2020 compared to a reference scenario. We find a special depreciation allowance for commercial vehicles and a subsidy of 1000 Euro as the most effective and efficient monetary policy options. The high uncertainty of the market evolution implies that policies to foster market diffusion of PEVs should be dynamically adaptable to react to changing framework conditions.     

The reciprocal relationship between policy debate and media coverage: The case of road pricing policy in the Netherlands

This study examined the changes in the media coverage of two road pricing schemes proposed in the Netherlands in the period 1998–2010, as well as the link between the media coverage and the policy debate. Both pricing proposals were debated for several years and neither was introduced. Our findings show that space allocation for type of overall tone (e.g. negative or positive towards a pricing proposal) and the range of issues and policy actors in the media coverage were very different for the two proposals, and for each proposal fluctuated greatly over time. Our analysis suggests that such a variation in the media coverage was a reflection of changes in the content of the policy debate (e.g. caused by the specific design features of pricing proposal under discussion, the different policy actors engaged in the debate and their messages about the proposal). This indicates that policymakers can influence the media coverage of road pricing policies to some extent by managing the policy debate. Our findings also show not only that changes in the content of the policy debate were reflected in the media coverage, but also that the media coverage influenced the policy debate: the statements or actions of policy actors received media coverage, which then in turn stimulated the policy debate. However, the influence of media on the policy debate was rather indirect, in that policy actors mostly reacted to the messages from other policy actors reported in the media and to a lesser extent to the media coverage itself.     

基于高阶Prony方法的包装系统模态参数识别

包装系统可看作是多自由度系统,将该系统的暂态响应信号用Prony方法进行拟合,可求出系统各模态参数.介绍了确定系统阶数的方法,并且利用高阶Prony模型和时反信号可在噪声中准确求出各模态参数.模拟结果表明,本方法具有良好的稳健性,可用于识别包装系统的阶数和各模态参数.     

铁路运输对弹药包装箱的设计要求研究

弹药包装箱是铁路运输过程中影响弹药质量、保证运输安全和实现快速装卸载的重要因素,其能有效地防护弹药对于外界环境变化的影响,提高弹药运输的安全性、高效性。弹药包装箱在铁路运输中存在如下主要问题：外形尺寸与铁路棚车内部尺寸未进行优化设计、内部结构设计未充分考虑铁路运输环境的影响、使用的部分新型材质不利于铁路运输捆绑加固和设计制造时对人工操作考虑略显不足。对如何适应铁路运输提出了几点对策,为弹药包装箱以后的生产设计提供了建议。在弹药包装箱设计中应充分考虑各种因素作用,为战时完成弹药的快速保障任务打下良好基础。     

广州市公共交通一体化发展策略研究

居民出行的多样化,要求建设一体化的公共交通系统。首先介绍了城市交通一体化和公共交通一体化内涵,分析了广州市公共交通发展存在的问题,最后在此基础上提出了广州市公共交通一体化发展策略。公共交通一体化对于合理利用公共资源、有效调配运力运量、提高运输综合效率具有重大意义。     

谈日本汽车工业发展经验

本文从四个方面对日本发展汽车工业的经验进行了总结,它们是保护与扶持政策,合理的产生组织结构,大力扶植汽车零部件工业,建立有自己特色的产品开发体制和生产体制。     

欧盟铁路改革的方向与进程

铁路运输是欧共体/欧盟共同运输政策推行中遇到困难较多的行业,其一体化进程曾远远落后于其他运输方式,然而从20世纪90年代初开始,铁路在共同运输政策中的地位却日益受到重视。文章根据对欧盟有关机构出台相关政策文件的分析,解释了发生这一转变的原因并把欧盟铁路改革的过程分为3个阶段进行介绍与评价:以91/440指令系列为标志的起步阶段;以1996年欧盟委员会"复兴共同体铁路战略"白皮书为起点,第一个铁路改革一揽子方案为中心的改革深化阶段;和以2001年欧盟委员会白皮书"已到决定性时刻"为起点,第二个铁路改革一揽子方案为中心的最新进展阶段。     

曹妃甸港“公转铁”发展策略探讨

曹妃甸港作为毗邻京津冀城市群的北方大港,是响应国家“公转铁”的重要支点.在阐述曹妃甸港集疏运系统布局及集疏运方式的基础上,针对曹妃甸港集疏运存在的问题,从大力发展集装箱运输、推动物流信息平台建设、提升作业效率及能力、打造曹妃甸疏港矿粉“公转铁”等方面,提出曹妃甸港“公转铁”发展策略,促进曹妃甸港铁路发挥全要素生产力,合...