秦皇岛港煤炭装卸设备调研和建议

秦皇岛港自1970年代末期开始筹建煤炭码头一期工程。在此后近30年中,先后建成了煤炭码头一至五期工程。港口设备数量多、时间跨度大、型式多样、型号齐全。对秦港煤一期至煤五期所有码头的装卸设备进行了考察。在考察设备的基础上,对于秦皇岛港目前的设备布局、使用情况、性能等进行了细致的分析研究,并提出了若干建议。以期对将来秦港的设备更新以及相关港口有一定的借鉴意义。     

宁波港城经济互动关系研究

从宁波港对城市经济的影响和城市经济对港口的影响两方面,运用定性描述和定量计算相结合的方法,研究港口与城市经济的协调度问题。提出港口和城市经济协调度的概念,建立反映港口与城市经济协调发展程度的综合指标,并建立定量分析模型。提出相应的定量评价方法,提出促进宁波港城经济系统协调发展与演进的政策性建议。     

毛里求斯路易港集装箱业务发展定位

随着世界集装箱三大航线的成熟及远洋航运技术的革新,曾为欧亚绕好望角航线必经补给点的路易港在国际集装箱运输新格局中面临着机遇与挑战。研究当前形势下路易港的集装箱业务发展定位,通过统筹分析内外部形势变化对路易港集装箱业务带来的影响,判断路易港的集装箱业务竞争力以及远期国际集装箱枢纽港的建设可能。分析得出,路易港具有发展为区域性交织式中转枢纽港的条件,但其目前的发展瓶颈主要集中在外海作业条件的限制及国内公司对集装箱码头的垄断经营等方面。针对这些问题,给出后续开发建议。本研究对于准确把握非洲集装箱航运市场前景及拓展新地域的港口工程具有参考价值。     

Characteristics of European inland ports: A statistical analysis of inland waterway port development in Dutch municipalities

Most scientific attention in port studies centers on deep-sea ports, in particular container ports. In our paper, in contrast, we focus our attention on the characteristics of inland waterway ports in a European context. This is an overlooked part in the scientific literature on inland port development, which is up to now mainly concerned with US-based understandings of inland ports. We try to broaden the application of the inland port concept by explaining the development of inland ports in terms of inland waterway bounded cargo throughput. Based on a large-scale quantitative dataset of inland port development in Dutch municipalities we perform various statistical analyses to arrive at a more detailed understanding of the question: What are the characteristics of European inland waterway ports and what transport and economic factors influence cargo throughput on the municipal level? The results in particular highlight the importance of the presence of a container terminal, the diversity in types of goods which are being handled by the inland port and the accessibility of the inland port relative to the regional motorway network as important factors in explaining the size and growth of inland ports. Interestingly, the popular claim in policy of ‘investments in inland port development leading to employment growth’ cannot be confirmed.     

The “Mirror Flags”: Ship registration in globalised ship breaking industry

The incorporation of new international regulations is a rational way to avoid the use of substandard Asian ship-breaking yards. However, more restrictive regulations and agreements could lead to increase the proliferation of the use of third countries in connection with ship recycling industry. The new Open Registries provides ship-owners with legal loopholes in order to avoid strict national legislations and international rules, thus the “genuine link” disappears and the ship-owner’s responsibilities relax. Ship-breaking industry is a complex interconnected system with many important key actors, such as shipping companies, ship-owners, ship registries, brokers, and ship-breaking yards, all of which are discussed in this paper under the vision of a new global ship recycling policy, and focusing in those cases when a ship changes its flag state registration just before scrapping. This paper analyses the most common flags selected in order to send ships for scrapping. Empirical investigation to determine the relation between States and ship-breaking industry has been carried out using the multivariate statistic technic known as “Simple correspondence analysis”. The results show a relation between ship registry selection and ships that are about to end their lives, re-flagging solely for the purpose of scrapping. If we observe the evolution of the different flag states at the end of the ship’s life, we find incremented use of new open registers or “Mirror Flags”. General abuse of new registries in ship-breaking industry would lead to a ship-breaking industry without rules or transparent procedures, which could violate labour and environmental standards.     

Reducing emissions at land border crossings through queue reduction and expedited security processing

Vehicle border crossings between Mexico and the United States generate significant amounts of air pollution, which can pose health threats to personnel at the ports of entry (POEs) as well as drivers, pedestrians, and local inhabitants. Although these health risks could be substantial, there is little previous work quantifying detailed emission profiles at POEs. Using the Mariposa POE in Nogales, Arizona as a case study, light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle emissions were analyzed with the objective of identifying effective emission reduction strategies such as inspection streamlining, physical infrastructure improvements, and fuel switching. Historical traffic information as well as field data were used to establish a simulation model of vehicle movement in VISSIM. Four simulation scenarios with varied congestion levels were considered to represent real-world seasonal changes in traffic volume. Four additional simulations captured varying levels of expedited processing procedures. The VISSIM output was analyzed using the EPA’s MOVES emission simulation software for conventional air pollutants. For the highest congestion scenario, which includes a 200% increase in vehicle volume, total emissions increase by around 460% for PM_2.5 and NO_x, and 540% for CO, SO₂, GHGs, and NMHC over uncongested conditions for a two-hour period. Expedited processing and queue reduction can reduce emissions in this highest congestion scenario by as much as 16% for PM_2.5, 18% for NO_x, 20% for NMHC, 7% for SO₂ and 15% for GHGs and CO. Other potential mitigation strategies examined include fleet upgrades, fuel switching, and fuel upgrades. Adoption of some or all of these changes would not only reduce emissions at the Mariposa POE, but would have air-quality benefits for nearby populations in both the US and Mexico. Fleet-level changes could have far-reaching improvements in air quality on both sides of the border.     

Influential factors in port infrastructure tariff formulation,implementation and revision

The process of formulation, revision and approval of port infrastructure tariffs is complex and involves different stakeholders. The extant literature focuses more on port pricing research but pays less attention to the practice of port infrastructure tariff setting. This paper aims to identify and analyses the influential factors in the port infrastructure tariff formulation process using survey data collected from 67 port authorities. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is first conducted before confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is applied to analyse the latent factors underlying port infrastructure tariff setting. The analysis results suggested the four factors influential to infrastructure tariff practice, namely tariff policies, transparency, tariff regulation and stakeholder participation. The paper also presents the implications for port authorities, management and stakeholders.     

Quasi-landlord port financing in China: Features,practice and a contract theory analysis

Since the 1970s and 80s, landlord port has been the dominant port financing model in western large and medium-sized container ports. In China, many prospective port projects have also explored a landlord port financing model. However, some evidence suggests that landlord port financing in China is a variant of the international mainstream landlord port financing model. Based on an explanation of their unique features and practices, this paper analyzes the Chinese quasi-landlord port financing model from a contract theory perspective, in which it can be viewed as a double-level principal–agent relationship and two-layer profit distribution contract with three participants: the state-owned assets administration department, the port investment company and the operators. Furthermore, the results show that in the Chinese quasi-landlord port financing model, whether in the case of both joint venture and port land lease (fixed rent), or in the case of both joint venture and port land transfer, the optimal incentive scheme is the same as in the international landlord port financing model with profit sharing rent or mixed rent.     

模糊信息分析模型在黄骅港砂土液化判别中的应用

黄骅港地区广泛分布着粉土及砂土层,对码头桩基稳定性有重要影响。鉴于砂土液化判别的不确定性和模糊性,本文引入模糊综合评判理论,通过对黄骅港海伟码头砂土液化判别资料的分析,应用模糊信息分配法建立包含砂土测试深度、粘粒含量及标贯击数3个影响因素的模糊关系矩阵,进而建立了适用于该工程的砂土液化模糊信息分析模型。通过对实际工程数据的计算对比,该模型计算结果与实际情况一致,具有较高的可信度。     

港口的区域垄断和竞争:圆周模型

港口具有一定的地理垄断性,同时港口竞争也日益加剧,交叉腹地日益扩大。区域垄断和竞争成为港口共同的发展特征,协调两者之间的关系对于港口产业发展具有重要意义。圆周模型对于分析港口产业经济特性非常恰当。通过运用圆周模型来理解港口的区域垄断和竞争特性,可以为实现港口产业规模型竞争的公共政策制定提供基础性的理论依据。具体的政策建议包括港口业务的垂直分解及构建地主港模式、加快港口民营化进程、在放松规制的同时重建规制及推动形成区域内邻近港口间的协同竞争关系。