Risk assessment framework for exposure of cargo and ports to natural hazards and climate extremes

There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks.     

工程总承包模式下项目业主风险防范探讨

文章结合工程总承包的特点,分析了工程总承包模式下项目业主在项目实施过程中所面临的风险,提出了相应的防范风险的措施。     

东营港区航道工程潮流物理模型试验研究

横流是东营港区港口航道建设中面临的关键技术问题之一。针对东营港区进出港航道工程不同防波挡沙堤布置下航道水流条件,采用潮流物理模型试验进行分析研究。结果表明:南、北防波堤形成后,口门航道处流速较大,从改善通航条件的角度出发,修建防波挡沙堤是必要的;防波挡沙潜堤保持相同的坡度,堤头分别修建至-12 m和-14 m时,口门航道水流流速逐步减小,口门横流也随之减小;随着防波挡沙堤堤顶高程增大,堤头挑流流速会有一定程度的增加;潜堤堤头建至-14 m等深线处、堤顶高程在-8 m左右是适宜的。     

高埋深软硬岩互层地质条件下敞开式TBM岩爆段施工方法研究

基于喜马拉雅山区域某软硬岩性互层地质条件下的深埋隧洞工程,为解决该区域TBM施工过程中的岩爆问题,统计分析了TBM施工过程中的岩爆特征;在施工过程中开展了多种岩爆规避试验,形成了一套较完整的有针对性的施工方法： 1）岩爆风险巡查常态化; 2）超前地质预报和超前处理措施相结合; 3）支护材料和支护方式合理化; 4）掘进参数动态调整。在后续的施工中加以应用,取得了较好的效果,可以为类似地质条件下的安全施工提供参考。     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

面向复杂环境的LNG码头合理布局规模仿真案例分析

LNG船舶通过限制性航道进出港时须采取一定的管控措施,具有显著的排他性,布局LNG码头时须确定合理的码头规模,以保障港区各类船舶通航效率。基于多智能体复杂系统的混合模拟仿真建模方法,以宁波舟山港六横港区南侧岸线新布局LNG码头研究为例,建立不同的仿真情境,通过设定的指标进行评价分析,研判在一定通航管控措施条件下六横港区南侧LNG码头合理布局规模,为港口码头布局和岸线合理利用提供决策依据。     

把南通港建成长三角最具活力的亿吨强港

介绍了南通港口2006年货物吞吐量突破亿吨所取得的成绩,并从“沿江开发、江海联动”的发展战略着眼,提出了从“亿吨大港”,向“亿吨强港”进取,切实需着重抓好的几个方面的工作。     

盐田港总体规划实施的环境影响研究

在对盐田港及附近区域环境质量现状调查、监测与评价的基础上,依据相关的环保法规与标准,集合区域社会、经济发展的规划目标,识别规划环境影响的主要因子,提出盐田港区总体规划开发过程中的主要环境问题,从而提出合理开发利用资源、调整经济发展格局及环保综合治理的措施和建议,用以指导建设生态型现代化的盐田港区。     

区港联动与自由港之比较

分析我国大陆地区区港联动试点与国际自由港在概念、类型及功能方面的区别,比较上海外高桥保税区和外高桥港区港联动与香港自由港在政策方面的差距,指出我国大陆地区的自由港建设依然任重道远.     

信号交叉口行车风险场建立及车辆通行行为优化

随着汽车逐步向智能化、网联化发展,智能网联车辆逐步进入实际应用阶段。进行智能网联车辆的通行行为优化,对提升驾驶安全性和行车效率,避免事故发生和交通拥堵至关重要。车辆在通过交叉口时将受到很多环境及运动因素的影响,而现有的通行优化模型难以准确表达各类因素共同作用下的行驶环境。为此,基于风险场理论建立由环境场和运动场组成的信号交叉口行车风险场,表征信号交叉口中每点的实时行车风险程度,从而引导车辆驶向风险值低点,并提供下一步长的位移及速度指引,实现车辆的动态轨迹优化及速度控制。典型场景下的仿真结果表明：在优化模型的控制下单车的信号交叉口通行效率明显提升,其中直行方向车辆单车平均通行效率提升最高,平均提升6.35%,通过对交叉口面积内所有车辆进行通行行为优化,交叉口通行效率提升了9.3%,这表明所建模型可以准确表达交叉口行车环境并优化车辆通行行为。研究结论可应用于自动驾驶车辆的交叉口通行控制,并为网联环境下的行车环境表达和安全驾驶控制提供模型基础。