Risk assessment for fire safety considering characteristic evacuees and smoke movement in marine fires

In the safety design of marine systems, the matter of human life in the event of a marine fire must be considered. It may be difficult to establish a safe evacuation system because a characteristic behavioral pattern based on human factors is elusive. This study consists of three analyses on (1) the state of smoke diffusion, calculated by the use of a two-layer zone model, (2) evacuation movements, simulated by a group behavioral model, and considering the occurrence of panic and the smoke spreading phase, and (3) the risk index for safety assessment using the results of smoke diffusion and escape movements. This risk index can be used for comparisons between various safety systems, and its validity is confirmed by an evacuation model of common spaces on a typical cruise ship.     

Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers

Traditionally, car use and modal choice, in general, have been studied under the random utility framework, assuming that individuals choose a particular mode based on their own socio-economic characteristics and the attributes describing the available options. This approach has originated useful models which have been able to explain modal split. However, at the same time, it has received critics because of its poor characterization of human behaviour and the weakness of its assumptions. Research has suggested that socio-psychological factors could help to understand better the choice process. In this paper, attitudinal theory and its link to human behaviour were used to select attitudes, habit and affective appraisals as explanatory variables. They were measured using ad-hoc instruments, which were combined with a revealed preference questionnaire, in order to obtain information about the traveller and the chosen mode. This instrument was applied to a sample extracted from staff members of the University of Concepcion, Chile. Analyses of attitudinal variables showed that car use habit was positively correlated to attitude and positive emotions towards car, implying that breaking the vicious circle of car use through persuasive techniques might be difficult. Estimation of discrete choice models showed that attitudinal variables presented a significant contribution to modal utility, and helped to improve both fitness and statistical significance. Results showed that choice can be influenced by factors related to attitudes and affective appraisal, and that their study is necessary in order to achieve an effective car use reduction.

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城市交通系统是一个多变量、多反馈、非线性的复杂系统,它的可持续发展受交通、社会、经济、环境等多种因素的制约,而传统的交通预测模型难以模拟这样一个复杂系统的动力机制。为此,本文采用系统动力学方法,在系统结构分析和因果反馈分析的基础上建立了城市交通系统的SD (System Dynamics) 模型,包括人口、经济发展、机动车保有量、环境影响、交通需求、交通供给和交通拥挤七个子系统。以大连主城区为对象,选取影响机动化发展的政策干预因素为调控参数进行仿真,分析了不同的机动化发展政策对城市发展和城市交通系统的影响,并提出了相应的建议和对策。     

关于构建大学生隐性心理健康教育课程的思考

文章论述了隐性课程的内涵与特点,指出了当前显性心理健康教育课程实施中的存在问题,并从素质教育、学科渗透、校园文化建设、心育理念培育等四方面提出了应对之道,具有较高的学术价值和实践指导意义。     

后金融危机下我国宏观经济调控策略分析

进入后金融危机时代以来,我国的宏观经济调控也在逐步顺应全球金融化的大趋势。面对我国当前宏观经济调控中出现的问题,结合当前的国内外经济形势,提出进一步加强和完善宏观经济调控的建议和意见。     

当前国际经济形势下出口型中小企业的破局研究

本文通过研究当前世界经济形势接连出现不利于我国中小企业出口贸易的情况,重点针对企业自身如何构建破局思维,在思维形成的基础上实施具体破局的营销策略及措施,为中小企业成功保持出CI势头做了一些探讨性的研究,对中小企业建立正确的战略思维与策略行为具有现实的指导意义。     

航海类学生心理问题成因及对策研究

文章在分析了学生心理健康问题的基础上,结合网络对学生心理的影响,分析了形成心理健康问题的原因并提出了对应的解决对策,以帮助学生克服心理问题,提高其心理健康水平。     

金融危机对大学生就业影响与对策研究

国际金融危机在影响我国经济发展的同时,对大学生就业带来了前所未有的冲击。如何去开展和推动学校就业指导工作,实现大学毕业生充分就业是金融危机背景下提出的新的挑战;学校就业指导是一项系统工程,就业指导工作要结合社会发展的趋势来开展,我们必须认清形势,全力以赴地做好大学生就业指导工作。     

金融危机对中国汽车产业的影响及企业应对建议

全球金融危机对世界汽车工业造成严重冲击,中国汽车工业亦受到深刻影响。通过全面、客观地分析了全球金融危机形势下,中国汽车产业发展面临的挑战及机遇,提出了中国汽车企业应对当前形势的对策建设。     

金融危机对高校汽车专业毕业生就业的影响及对策

金融危机对我国经济产生了巨大影响,尤其是零部件、原材料、制造业、出口型企业、能源工业及汽车产业受金融危机的影响较大.这使得汽车及相关产业吸纳毕业生的能力减弱,汽车企业校园招聘计划大幅缩减,招聘要求大幅提升.以往就业形势良好的一些专业如机械、汽车、国际贸易等受到了冲击.汽车专业毕业生更是面临着严峻的考验,他们就业压力增强,就业心理受到影响,就业成本增加,就业难度加大.为此,只有政府、企业、学校和毕业生本人都应当采取相应的对策.克服难关,才能实现毕业生顺利就业.