道路网形态与公交线网关系的研究

论文在对城市道路网形态论述的基础上,以国内牡丹江、常州、扬州、德州四个城市的城市道路网与公交线网的关系为例,对公共交通的线网形态受到城市道路网形态的影响和制约进行了较为详细的论述,最后对道路网布线方法与道路网形态适应性进行了研究,并提出了研究展望,以期对国内公交线路规划起到一定的促进作用。     

城乡公交一体化与新型城镇化关系初探

随着我目农村经济和社会的发展以及新型城镇化战略的实施,农村中大量劳动力向城市或者非农领域转移,从而带来客流量的与日俱增。目前既有的公交管理体制不能适应城乡未来发展的需要,城乡公交一体化应运而生。城乡公交一体化建设与新型城镇化建设两者之间存在着密切的关系。     

基于TOD模式的中小城市公共交通规划

为预防中小城市发展过程中出现严重的交通问题,实现城市交通发展与土地利用之间的和谐互动,借鉴国外成功TOD模式的经验,结合我国中小城市特点,分析了中小城市应用TOD模式的需求性与适用性;提出了包含公交路网规划和公交枢纽规划的公共交通规划模式;设计了TOD模式下中小城市公共交通规划流程,包括交通调查与分析、交通需求预测、规划方案制定与调整、方案分析与评价和方案实施。研究结果表明改进的TOD模式将有效引导我国中小城市土地利用,促进城市可持续发展。     

山地城市小型公交线网布局方法初探

目前小公交运作普遍采用“定线不定点”的公交运行模式,广泛的存在于山区城市,以及规模较小、经济发展较为滞后的大城市城乡结合部和小城市中。对于平原城市,小型公交的产生是源于经济水平发展滞后,居民出行意愿不高的现实需要,是一种过渡性的公共交通方式。但是,山区小型公交的存在和发展则是受城市空间布局、地形地貌、路网结构等因素的影响,在城市公共客运交通服务体系中占有非常重要的位置。因此,本文将在山区城市公共客运系统特征的基础上,分析小型公交存在的合理性,研究其布局方法,及其实施过程中需解决的一些关键问题。     

治理理论下的公交优先发展策略研究

在社会治理背景下,优先发展公交是摆在人们面前的一项重大课题。借鉴治理和善治理论,实现公交优先发展,必须坚持和贯彻“政府主导、多方参与”的原则思路,形成良好的治理模式。政府主导即加强政府在公交发展中的主导地位,加快公交立法,并形成合理持续的资金支持机制;多方参与即形成包括规划、建设管理部门在内的共同互动的机制,为公交创造一个良好的发展环境。     

大城市合理客运交通出行结构研究

通过考察国际大都市公共交通结构的主要特征,总结出大城市合理客运交通结构的发展趋势。基于对10个国际大城市的相关指标回归分析,探讨了大城市合理公交出行结构预测模型;最后,以杭州为例,应用预测模型,在分析杭州客运交通结构与国际知名大都市客运交通结构的差异以及产生差距原因的基础上,确定了杭州市在地铁建成后的合理客运交通结构。     

Changing public transport governance in Dutch metropoles: To tender or not to tender

With winds of change from the European Commission reaching the Netherlands, the national government altered the Law on Passenger Transport in 2000 to best reflect European demands. This new law meant competitive tendering became obligatory. At first, the metropolitan transport authorities in the three largest cities (Amsterdam, The Hague, and Rotterdam) were granted an extended deadline for tendering. However, due to shifting winds from Brussels, in 2007 the Dutch national government dropped the obligation to tender for the three cities. Suddenly the authorities had to decide for themselves whether or not to tender. This article describes the different routes and outcomes of the three metropolitan authorities. Where the metropolitan authority in Rotterdam aimed at conservation of their existing model, the authorities of Amsterdam and The Hague embraced change. In The Hague conformation to the letter of the law seemed an important driver, whereas confrontation between different interests in the region was the starting point for change in Amsterdam.     

The 2008 New Zealand public transport management act: Rationale, key provisions, and parallels with the United Kingdom

In January 2009, following a lengthy industry review and consultation process, the New Zealand Public Transport Management Act (PTMA) came into force. The Act allows Regional Transport Authorities, as the primary procurers of public transport services, to place either a control or a contracting requirement upon services that are registered as commercial requiring no subsidy. The imposition of either the control or the contracting requirement is designed to facilitate greater system integration, improve service continuity and enhance services to the customer, andallow the Authority to invest in key strategic projects, such as integrated fares and ticketing, so as to grow patronage.The PTMA’s other objective is to ensure improved value for public subsidies. Recent years have seen significant subsidy inflation for seemingly little commensurate benefits. The Act will allow the Regional Transport Authority to achieve greater value for money through improved farebox, a shift to longer, larger contracts to increase competition in the market, a more appropriate allocation of risk, and the removal of the ability of operators to ‘game’ the current system by using strategically placed commercial services as barriers to competition.Similar concerns have also stimulated new legislation in the UK and this paper illustrates the parallels in the environment and proposed response.     

Birds using tram tracks in Poznań (Poland): Species,infrastructure use and behaviour

Transport infrastructures, mainly roads and railways, influence many aspects of bird life. The use of trams in urban areas for mass transit has been suggested as having a lower impact on the environment. However, to date, the impact of tram tracks and the surrounding infrastructure on birds has not been directly tested. Therefore, we posed two questions during a study of tramways in Poznań (western Poland): (1) which bird species use tram tracks and their infrastructure; and (2) how does their behaviour respond to moving trams. Tram tracks were recorded as used by 11 species, with four corvids (jackdaw Corvus monedula, rook Corvus frugilegus, magpie Pica pica and hooded crow Corvus cornix) totalling 66% of records and feral pigeon Columba livia contributing a further 24%. Species showed different usage patterns of the tram infrastructure. In the case of rook during winter, significantly more birds were observed further from a tram stop. In summer, a higher density of jackdaws occurred where track surroundings were vegetated, and both hooded crows in winter and magpies in winter were more abundant where track geometry was more complex. During our field work only two dead birds on tram tracks were observed. The results of this study, and a literature survey of other transport options, suggest that tram tracks are not very dangerous for birds, and at least from this point of view, can be recommended as an environmentally friendly transport system in urban areas.