Generic Framework for Transport Network Designs: Applications and Treatment in Intermodal Freight Transport Literature

Abstract

Six principles for the design of transport systems are described, including direct link, corridor, hub‐and‐spoke, connected hubs, static routes, and dynamic routes. The designs are theoretically discussed, defining the operational character of each design and their application in passenger, freight and rail freight transport. The theory is then applied to intermodal freight transport by comparing the terminology used in the paper with that in the scientific literature. The advantages of using a generic terminology over contextual ones are identified from the perspectives of researchers, commercial operators and policy‐makers.     

The efficiency of public transport operations – An evaluation using stochastic frontier analysis

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of public transport operations undertaken in Swedish counties by the Public Transport Authorities (PTA), taking into account the substantial differences in operating conditions between counties. The analysis will be performed using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with annual data from 1986 to 2009 for 26 Swedish counties. The analysis shows how the efficiency of the individual counties has changed over time. The results are used to provide a ranking (in terms of efficiency) of the Swedish public transport authorities that can provide a basis for benchmarking. It is concluded that the efficiency of the public transport providers in all counties fell during the observed time period. Defining cost efficiency as the ratio of minimum cost to observed cost, the overall (average) cost efficiency for the industry fell from 85.7% in the eighties to 60.4% for the period from 2000 to 2009. Possible explanations for the development include increased emphasis on route density as well as higher environmental and safety requirements.     

Performance evaluation and obstacle factors analysis of urban public transport priority

ABSTRACT

Through the comprehensive consideration of four subsystems – overall development level, infrastructure construction, public transportation service level and policy support – an index system of public transport priority performance evaluation is established. A performance evaluation of bus priority implementation in Wuhan City from 2007 to 2016 is carried out by applying the difference coefficient CRITIC-TOPSIS model. The obstacle factor model is also used to diagnose the factors affecting the priority performance of urban public transport. The research results show that, during this decade, the comprehensive performance of Wuhan City’s public transport priority developed from poor to medium, then to good and finally to excellent. The overall development level and infrastructure construction performance subsystems have the highest obstacle degree, followed by public transportation service levels and policy support performance subsystems. The research idea and method of this paper provide a realistic basis for promoting the priority performance of urban public transport.     

城市公交的发展定位和发展方向探析

城市公交是城市功能的重要组成部分,承担着为城乡居民出行服务的主要功能,探析城市公共交通的发展定位和发展方向具有重大现实意义。本文首先从理论的角度,深入阐述了坚持公交公益性定位的必要性和重要性;其次,回顾并预见了公共交通产品属性演进的三个阶段;最后,基于城市公交公共产品属性的认识,提出了传统公交向现代公交发展进程中需要重视的三个转变。     

浅谈公共交通公众出行信息服务系统的应用

本文阐述了公众出行信息服务系统在公共交通领域中的应用,目标是建设个性化的公交实时位置信息接入平台,用户可以通过自己的手机,随时随地查询本市各公交车辆的实时位置、上下行方向等信息,方便市民适时安排自己的乘车计划,达到方便出行的目的.     

Solving the K-shortest paths problem in timetable-based public transportation systems

Finding the K-shortest paths in timetable-based public transportation systems is an important problem in practice. It has three typical variants: the K-earliest arrival problem (K-EAP), the K-shortest travel time problem (K-STTP), and the K-minimum number of transfers problem (K-MNTP). In this article we show that these problems can be solved efficiently by first modeling the timetable information with the time-expanded approach, then applying the Martins and Santos (MS) algorithm. Then we model the timetable information with the time-dependent approach and propose a modified version of the MS algorithm for solving the K-EAP. Experimental results on real-world data show that for K smaller than 100, which is enough for most applications, the execution times of the MS algorithm for the problems in the time-expanded model are less than 100 ms on a server with a 1.86-GHz central processing unit (CPU) and 4 GB of memory. For solving the K-EAP the modified MS algorithm in the time-dependent model is even more efficient (about three times faster for K ≤ 100) than the original algorithm in the time-expanded model. Our results imply the great potential of the MS algorithms in practical transportation service systems.     

双燃料型近海供应船开发设计研究

以一艘LNG燃料近海供应船船型的研究开发项目为例,对船舶的总布置方式、动力系统选型、LNG燃料系统架构、危险气体影响区域、变频驱动技术等关键技术进行详细分析,对于船舶的污染物排放和船舶能效指数做了初步计算分析,可以为LNG动力船舶的船型开发提供有益参考。     

Observed and simulated traffic impacts from the 2013 Bay Area Rapid Transit strike

Despite high costs, many cities build public transit to address regional equity, environmental and economic goals. Although public transit accounts for a minority of trips (～5%), the impact is widely felt when service is suspended during a strike through excess road demand and slower journeys. In 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) workers participated in two brief strikes, and the resulting traffic conditions illustrate the value of transit to drivers in the San Francisco Bay Area region. This paper tests the impact of rail transit service interruption on freeway traffic conditions using volumes and travel times. During the strike, regional freeway conditions showed negligible change. However, on facilities that parallel BART service, the impacts are as bad as the worst day of a typical week. Conditions on the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge showed significant impacts with travel times and volumes nearly doubling the baseline median values on the worst day.     

VTS监督过失行为渎职风险法律问题探讨

文中依托刑法学和行政法学理论,就我国VTS在监管和服务双重功能定位的语境下,VTS监督过失责任风险问题,以＂行为人的主观方面＂为切入点,以是否具备＂刑法上的因果关系＂为分析点,结合大陆法系＂信赖原则＂等理论,分别就VTS监督过失的三种形式：脱岗失职、建议失误、疏忽监控是否具有渎职刑罚责难性做详细探讨。     

从公交IC卡收费系统走向城市一卡通系统

本文以当前国内普遍应用的公交IC卡收费系统为基础,探讨了使之升级改造为符合国家标准的城市一卡通系统的关键点和对策以及实施策略.