A technical note on evaluating the effectiveness of bus rapid transit with transit signal priority

Transit Signal Priority (TSP) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) are innovative Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) tools that can reduce travel times for buses. Combining TSP and BRT can significantly improve bus travel, but can negatively impact network traffic operations. Although TSP has been implemented worldwide, few previous studies holistically examined the effects of using various conditional and unconditional TSP strategies with or without a BRT system. This research simulates multiple TSP and BRT combination scenarios to understand their impact on traffic operations, including crossing street traffic. A test bed along International Drive (I-Drive) in Orlando, Florida, was chosen as the simulation area. Field data collected for this test bed, which included traffic volumes, bus travel times, and traffic signal control data, were used to develop, calibrate, and validate the simulation model. Results showed that BRT with Conditional TSP 3 minutes behind significantly improved travel times, average speed, and average total delay per vehicle for the main through movements compared with no BRT or TSP, with only minor effects on crossing street delays. BRT with Unconditional TSP resulted in significant crossing street delays, especially at major intersections with high traffic demand, indicating that this scenario is impractical for implementation. The simulation suggests that BRT and TSP will be most effective when used in areas where crossing street volumes are low. However, it is unknown how these ITS tools affect pedestrian traffic. Using optimization methods can determine the best strategy to balance transit and pedestrian traffic.     

城市交通干线信号协调控制方案过渡调整策略

介绍了国内外当前交通信号协调控制方案过渡方法的研究现状,分析比较了现有的干线协调过渡方法.针对当前过渡调整方法对于交通信号控制机如何实现协调方案的快速调整涉及较少,未考虑交通信号机实现过渡调整过程中的实际需求等不足,以当日零点为协调控制方案的起始点,针对交叉口过渡信号周期以及周期调整步幅的取值范围,提出了1种基于周期的交通信号协调控制过渡调整策略,并进行了算例分析.结果表明:该策略能够在1~2个周期内快速调整完毕,减少了信号配时的突变所引发路面交通的剧烈波动,实现了交通流运行的平稳和连续.文中所介绍的算法可以实现不同控制方式之间的切换,也可以用于城市区域协调控制中,具有较广的适用范围和实用价值.     

EEMD和SVM在发动机故障诊断中的应用

针对发动机缸盖振动信号的非线性非平稳特征,提出一种总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)和支持向量机相结合的信号分析及故障诊断方法,该方法利用EEMD算法以及IMF序列和原始振动信号之间的相关系数,有效放大故障诊断特征向量的差异。对原始振动信号进行EEMD分解,得到各阶特征模态函数(IMF),求各阶IMF分量对应于原始信号的相关系数并组成故障分类特征向量。分别将IMF相关系数法和IMF能量分布法得到的特征向量作为输入,建立BP神经网络和支持向量机,判断发动机工作状态和故障类型。分析表明,对IMF求相关系数的方法简便易行,能有效放大不同工况下特征向量的差异,结合支持向量机能够对既定机型的配气机构和点火系常见故障进行准确识别。     

信号系统在直线电机运载系统中的应用

阐明直线电机运载系统的产生背景、构成和工作原理,重点分析在直线电机运载系统开放的电磁环境下,信号系统车载设备和轨旁设备的电磁兼容性问题。论述为了充分发挥直线电机运载系统的优越性．应在坡道的启动控制、车辆的制动控制、小半径曲线控制、牵引力波动控制、感应板电流过载防护等方面注意信号系统与相关专业的接口,并应根据道岔类型为信号系统配置合适的转辙设备。     

基于软件无线电的通用数字解调方法研究

介绍了一种基于软件无线电技术的通用数字解调方法,该方法属于非相干解调方式的一种,它是对FSK过零检测解调法的一种改进,使之能够对多种数字调制信号进行解调．通过对调制信号幅度包络进行分层变换,将复杂的采样数据转变成只包含几个简单数值的数字序列,然后分析该数字序列的数值变化情况,从而实现解调．最后,在以TMS320C5416为核心的DSP开发板上对该方法进行了测试实验．实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地解调多种类型的数字调制信号,且算法结构简单,实时处理能力强．     

磁通门罗盘的数字信号处理方法

为提高磁通门罗盘的指向精度和稳定性, 提出了磁通门罗盘的数字信号处理方法。利用微处理器直接产生激励信号, 通过模数转换采集磁通门传感器感应的磁场信号, 对所采集的原始信息进行傅里叶变换获取偶次谐波, 得到罗盘方位值。计算结果表明: 二次谐波的波形幅度在各偶次谐波中最大, 其提取精度至少提高5倍, 而且采用多个偶次谐波并行使用解算方位的方法, 降低了原始噪声, 增大了原始信息的利用率, 提高了磁通门传感器的灵敏度, 因此, 数字信号处理方法可行。     

Analytical Approach to Evaluating Transit Signal Priority

Successful deployment of transit signal priority (TSP) systems requires thorough laboratory evaluation before field implementation. Traffic simulation is a powerful tool in this regard; however, it requires tremendous efforts toward network coding, data collection, and model calibration. Besides, simulation models tend to be project specific, and the models developed for one project are often discarded upon the completion of that project. In this paper, it is shown that the impacts of two fundamental TSP strategies (early green and extended green) can be evaluated using an analytical approach. The impacts of the above two strategies on both the prioritized and the nonprioritized approaches are illustrated using graphical as well as analytical methods. A simulation study is then conducted for comparison analyses, followed by a statistical approach for the test of generality.     

单交叉口公交信号优先控制策略建模研究

为研究公交信号优先策略对交叉口公交车及社会车辆的影响,建立公交信号优先控制模型及延误模型,以采取公交优先方式后交叉口所有车辆的人总延误减小为控制目标,引入效益指数PI,以信号交叉口优先相位获得的效益与非优先相位损失效益的差值来衡量整体效益,使得每一次采取的公交优先策略都能提高信号交叉口的整体效益。结果表明:在信号交叉口采取信号优先控制策略后,交叉口车辆的人总延误显著降低。本研究成果对其他信号优先控制方式模型、交叉口群公交优先协调控制等具有一定的参考价值和理论意义。     

基于人均延误的公交优先信号交叉口配时研究

以交叉口人均延误最小为目标,考虑公交专用道影响因素,利用延误偏差优度指数建立信号配时优化模型。结合实例,实现定时控制交叉口参数确定过程,并得到参数与延误偏差优度指数的关系。该配时方案能有效减少人均延误,为进一步发展公交优先及提高交叉口通行能力提供理论依据。