Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

高速铁路牵引供电系统关键技术及其标准制定

在概述我国高速铁路牵引供电系统的基础上,分析电力系统匹配、牵引供电系统与高速动车组耦合受流、牵引供电系统雷电防护3方面的技术现状和标准制定情况,并提出相应建议。指出我国应开展高速铁路牵引供电系统关键技术的研究思路,并借鉴国际标准化组织和国际电工委员会在标准制定中的工作方法制定我国高速铁路牵引供电系统标准。     

圆梁山隧道溶洞地段抗水压衬砌结构试验分析

对圆梁山隧道溶洞地段4.5 MPa抗水压衬砌所承受的水压力及其结构应力进行现场试验,分析隧道衬砌使用型钢混凝土组合结构在高水压作用下的受力特征。衬砌壁后水压力大小是引起衬砌结构应力发展变化的显著因素,衬砌壁后水压力的分布及其变化与地表降雨补给量和泄水洞排水状况密切关联。当衬砌壁后水压力上升时,钢筋应力比混凝土应力的增长速率大,衬砌结构内缘应力比其外缘应力的增长速率大,且在衬砌壁后水压力增量较大时,结构钢筋和混凝土的应力增长速率相对较小。这表明随壁后水压力的增大,抗水压衬砌结构内型钢发挥的承载作用更明显。     

黄土隧道围岩含水率变化及拱架受力特征研究

为了研究黄土隧道围岩含水率和钢拱架应力在施工期间的变化规律,以在建银西高铁董志塬区上阁村隧道为例,采用现场监测方法,对黄土隧道围岩体积含水率变化规律和钢拱架受力特征进行分析研究。结果表明:黄土隧道围岩含水率在时间上呈先增长后平稳的两阶段变化,在空间上表现为拱顶和拱腰位置的含水率总体小于拱脚和仰拱底部的含水率;钢拱架应力在施工期内呈先非线性增大后出现波动最后趋于平稳的三阶段变化规律,在施工期内钢拱架对承受围岩压力、确保大断面黄土隧道围岩稳定性方面发挥着重要作用。建议对大断面黄土隧道在施工期内形成"勤测含水率、重视防排水、加强初支"的管理理念。     

《物权法》的实施对我国船舶登记制度的影响

物权是指权利人依法对特定的物享有直接支配和排他的权利,包括所有权、用益物权和担保物权。随着《物权法》的实施,船舶所有权、抵押权、留置权等有关的物权制度得以清晰和明确。文中从船舶所有权、抵押权等方面分析了《物权法》的实施对我国现行船舶登记制度的影响。     

时间反演在浅海波导环境中的应用研究

本文基于伪谱方法对浅海波导环境中的时间反演聚焦和时间反演主动声纳进行了计算,给出了声源频率为100Hz的正演和反演声场分布的演化过程。     

Observations of the Fawn Trough Current over the Kerguelen Plateau from instrumented elephant seals

Due to its great meridional extent and relatively shallow depths, the Kerguelen Plateau constitutes a major barrier to the eastward flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. While most of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport is deflected north of the Kerguelen Islands, the remainder ( 50 Sv, 1 Sv = 10⁶ m³ s^− 1) must pass south of the islands, most probably through the Fawn and Princess Elizabeth Troughs. However, the paucity of finely resolved quasi-synoptic hydrographic data in this remote and infrequently sampled area has limited the progress in our knowledge of the regional circulation. Since 2004, a new approach using elephant seals from the Kerguelen Islands as autonomous oceanographic profilers has provided new information on the hydrography over the Kerguelen Plateau, covering the entire Antarctic Zone between the Polar Front and Antarctica, with a mean along-track resolution of about 25 km. These finely resolved bio-logged data revealed details of a strong northeastward current found across the Fawn Trough (sill depth: 2600 m; 56°S, 78°E). This so-called Fawn Trough Current transports cold Antarctic waters found mostly south of the Elan Bank, between the Ice Limit (58°S) and the Antarctic Divergence (64°S) in the eastern Enderby Basin, toward the Australian–Antarctic Basin. Our analysis also demonstrates that the Deep Western Boundary Current, which carries cold Antarctic water along the eastern flank of the southern Kerguelen Plateau collides with Fawn Trough Current at the outlet of the Fawn Trough sill. In other words, the Fawn Trough constitutes a veritable bottleneck, channelling the quasi-totality of the Antarctic Circumpolar flow found south of the Polar Front. Thanks to the unprecedented fine resolution of seal-borne data, a branch of flow centered at the Winter Water isotherm of 1 °C is also revealed along the northern escarpment of the Elan Bank, and then along the southern edge of Heard Island. Further analysis of different supplementary data reveals a complex circulation pattern in the entire Enderby Basin, with several distinctive branches of flow being strongly controlled by prominent topographic features such as the Southwest Indian Ridge, Conrad Rise, Elan Bank, and Kerguelen Plateau. This newly emerged frontal structure refines considerably previous large-scale circulation schematics of the area.     

大学生网络游戏的现状及原因分析

面对互联网构建的虚拟世界,大学生表现出了极高的认同感和参与热情,上网玩游戏在当今大学生中是一个比较普遍的现象。了解大学生网络游戏的现状。分析大学生接受网络游戏的原因,为思想政治教育在新时期解决新问题提供现实依据。     

改进振动法在地下工程动力时程计算中的应用

地下工程受到周围土体的约束作用,其动力反映与地面工程有所区别,如将源于地面工程的振动法用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析,需要进行相应的改进.文章通过计算分析发现,振动法用于地下工程动力时程计算时,在计算模型边界条件和波动传播时间效应方面不能反映波动对地下工程作用的实质；通过对比分析,在这两个方面对常规振动法进行了改进；提出了适用于地下工程动力时程计算的改进振动法.该方法的计算模型采用左右两侧粘弹性底部固定的人工边界条件,波动输入采用能够反映波动传播时间效应的分层加速度动态输入法,其计算分析结果与理论解吻合较好,适用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析.     

Driving to save time or saving time to drive? The enduring appeal of the private car

Use of the private car is often viewed as highly problematic. It is regularly associated with global physical, social and ecological harms such as climate change and the high incidence of lifestyle diseases, including heart disease. Attempts to address these problems generally include provision for day-to-day physical mobility based on alternatives to the private car. Labelled alternative transport, these modes include public transport, walking and cycling. Yet the private car continues as the preferred way to travel in many cities. A deeper understanding of this preference can reveal under explored sites of resistance to alternative transport modes.This paper contributes to these understandings by examining the role the car as a time saving device plays in sustaining automobility. Its central proposition is that individual decisions to drive are not necessarily motivated by the desire to save time. The paper draws on empirical evidence on the journey to work in Australia’s largest city, Sydney. Using a systematic process of trip substitution analysis, a group of people were identified who could use alternative transport to get to work in the same amount of time it currently takes them to drive. These people then participated in a series of in-depth interviews where deeper attachments and motivations for private car use were explored.This approach has enabled development of the multi-layered understanding that informs the central proposition that individual decisions to drive are not necessarily motivated by the desire to save time. Instead, automobility is sustained by appeals to flexibility and autonomy, as well as the interminable pull of the sensory experience provided by the cocoon of the car. This way of thinking about resistance to alternative transport exposes a series of inconsistencies between the expectations of those planning for, and those anticipated to one day use, alternative transport.