Transport of radionuclides by sea-ice and dense-water formed in western Kara Sea flaw leads

A transport assessment of particle-bound and dissolved artificial radionuclides (¹³⁷Cs and ^239,240Pu) by sea-ice and dense-water formed in western Kara Sea flaw leads close to the Novaya Zemlya dumping sites is presented in this study. We both performed a “best estimate” based on available data, and a “maximum assessment” relying on simulated constant releases of 1 TBq ¹³⁷Cs and ^239,240Pu from individual dumping bays. The estimates are based on a combination of (i) the content of particulate matter in sea-ice; (ii) analytical data and numerical simulations of radionuclide concentrations in shelf surface deposits, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and the dissolved phase; and (iii) estimates of lead-ice and dense-water formation rates as well as modeling results of local ice drift pathways. In the “best estimate” case, 2.90 GBq ¹³⁷Cs and 0.51 GBq ^239,240Pu attached to sea-ice sediments can be exported from the lead areas toward the central Arctic basin. The radionuclide burden of the annually formed dense lead water in the “best estimate” amounts to 4.68 TBq ¹³⁷Cs and 0.014 TBq ^239,240Pu. In the “maximum assessment”, potential export-rates of ice-particle bound ¹³⁷Cs and ^239,240Pu toward the central Arctic would amount to 0.64 and 0.16 TBq, respectively. As much as ≈900 TBq ¹³⁷Cs and ≈6.75 TBq ^239,240Pu could be annually taken up by 34.75 dense-water rejected in the lead area. Assuming the (unlikely) instantaneous release of the total ¹³⁷Cs and ^239,240Pu inventories (≈1 PBq and 10 TBq, respectively) from the Novaya Zemlya dumping sites into the dissolved phase, the dense lead water locally formed during one winter season could take up ≈90% of the Cs and ≈68% of the Pu released.     

修造船舶试航工作的海事管理立法思考

文中在分析修造船舶试航管理工作现状的基础上,对修造船舶试航海事管理立法工作所涉及的因素,利用系统工程理论进行了分析,从人、船、环境、管理四个方面提出建议,为修造船舶试航的立法工作提供有益参考。     

NAPA软件在船舶总体性能设计上的应用

NAPA是一款功能较为完善的船舶三维设计软件,本文通过对150t海监执法船应用NAPA软件进行总体性能设计的介绍,分析了该软件的特点并指出了使用中应注意的某些问题,以及同其他软件的比较等。     

关于南海海洋平台选型及研究方向探讨

本文简述了国内外深海油气勘探开发现状以及海洋平台发展情况,分析各类平台的结构特点及应用状况,根据我国南海深水油气生产需要和海况,对我国南海区油气开发选取海洋平台类型以及重点研究方向,提出几点浅见。     

苏丹红海沿岸珊瑚岩土层地基承载力探讨

珊瑚岩土层是一种主要分布于南、北回归线热带海洋中的特殊岩土类型,由造礁珊瑚群体死亡后聚集的沉积建造,其具有多孔性、脆性。同时,珊瑚岩土层在分布上具有软硬交替的规律。通过分析苏丹红海沿岸的珊瑚岩土层的分布规律及工程特性,探讨该地区的珊瑚岩土层地基承载力的取值问题。     

A multi-criteria decision method for the analysis of the Motorways of the Sea: the application to the case of France and Spain on the Atlantic Coast

Despite European Union (EU) political support to identify the most feasible Motorways of the Sea, the final decision can only be made by Private Shipping Companies, which are operators of a unique stretch of the intermodal chain. This paper provides a multi-criteria decision method to identify the most suitable Motorways of the Sea taking into account the competitiveness of whole intermodal routes versus the alternative of road transport from the loader’s perspective. The analysis is carried out assuming a ‘many-to-many’ transport model. Firstly indexes of time and cost were defined and evaluated for every available route in the model in accordance with a multi-criteria decision matrix. Secondly, through a Monte Carlo simulation a sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to evaluate the influence on the results of the forecast assumed to construct the matrix. The results obtained are not only quantitative, but also qualitative. The development of intermodal routes via Motorways of the Sea is especially relevant for the peripheral EU countries. Due to the relevance of the freight flow between France and Spain and the congestion of their connections through the Pyrenees, the method proposed was applied to the analysis of this particular case     

南海神庙国家祭祀的缘起与肇始

中国历代王朝非常重视民众的信仰问题,将王朝权力秩序构建贯穿于民众精神、灵魂的控制．海神祭祀,正是中国封建王朝经由干预涉海民众精神信仰,经略海洋边疆,确立王朝政权合法性信仰,建构王权统治合法性基础,彰显皇家权威,进而维护以皇权为核心的政治统治秩序的整肃政治仪式．     

林则徐与海神祭祀

林则徐是中国近代进步的思想家和伟大的爱国主义者,同时他也是一位虔诚的有神论者．他领导的轰轰烈烈的虎门销烟在中国历史上留下了光辉的一页,也为我们留下了不朽名篇《祭海神文》,向世界宣告了中国禁烟和拒毒的决心．     

施桥运河大桥水上支架施工控制研究

文章以施桥运河大桥为依托工程,介绍了水上支架施工控制的基本原则与方法,并针对施桥运河大桥水上支架的构造特点,以有限元仿真分析为基础,从结构计算、内力监控变形监控、钢托架支点处锚固螺栓、钢垫片外观检查等方面对其施工控制方案进行计算分析。结果表明：施桥运河大桥施工过程支架结构安全,成桥各指标均满足设计要求。     

巴东红层路堑边坡失稳机理分析及治理措施

巴东组红层是中国红层的典型代表。以湖北宜巴高速公路红层路堑边坡为例,采用定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,对其失稳机理进行分析。结果表明:降雨作用是诱发滑坡的主要原因,并对路堑边坡治理,提出以抗滑挡墙与锚杆框架梁等相结合的加固措施,达到了较好的治理效果。