Sailing into a dilemma: An economic and legal analysis of an EU trading scheme for maritime emissions

On the basis of a joint economic and legal analysis, we evaluate the effects of a “regional” (European) emission trading scheme aiming at reducing emissions of international shipping. The focus lies on the question which share of emissions from maritime transport activities to and from the EU can and should be included in such a system. Our findings suggest that the attempt to implement an EU maritime ETS runs into a dilemma. It is not possible to design a system that achieves emission reductions in a cost efficient manner and is compatible with international law.     

Relationship between logistics infrastructure and trade: Evidence from Spanish regional exports

Geographical factors and transport infrastructure are two of the key determinants that influence international competitiveness. In this sense, the quality of such infrastructure and how widespread it is, the distribution and capacity of logistics facilities in a country, as well as the number of private operators and their degree of specialisation, all play an increasingly important role in the design of business strategies aimed at increasing a country’s share of the international market. Until recently, however, availability and access to logistics services have been considered secondary factors when defining business competitiveness. This paper estimates an augmented gravity model of trade that specifically includes logistics and transport infrastructure indicators as explanatory variables. The model is estimated by using bilateral exports from 19 Spanish regions to 64 destinations (45 countries and 19 Spanish regions) with data for the period 2003–2007. The findings show that logistics is indeed important for the analysis of trade flows in goods and they highlight the importance of logistics measures at the regional level. In particular, the number, size and quality of logistics facilities positively influence export flows.     

南海神庙旅游资源开发中的地方政府职能定位

南海神庙是我国现存规模最大、保存最完整、“级别”最高的海神庙,但其旅游资源开发面临重重困难．本文深入分析神庙旅游资源开发中存在的问题,进而突出了地方政府在神庙旅游资源开发中应发挥积极作用．地方政府作用的发挥重点在：编制和执行南海神庙及周边环境保护规划,加大神庙及周边旅游配套设施建设,打造神庙旅游品牌、加强神庙旅游的宣传力度,地方政府应发挥南海神庙的日常营运管理职能等四个方面．     

基于地区发展竞争视阈的地方行政管理体制改革探析

文章对当前基于地区发展竞争的地方行政管理体制困惑进行了解析,指出了地方行政管理体制改革要体现差别的必要性,并从地方行政管理体制改革要置于政治体制改革大环境、要适应地区发展转型和政务公开新要求等方面提出了对策。     

对进一步发展我国乡村旅游的策略探讨

针对乡村旅游在我国各地蓬勃发展的现状,本文分析了目前我国乡村旅游在资金投入、规划引导、产品内涵、市场营销、人才培养等方面存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策。     

Real time assimilation of HF radar currents into a coastal ocean model

A real time assimilation and forecasting system for coastal currents is presented. The purpose of the system is to deliver current analyses and forecasts on based on assimilation of high-frequency radar surface current measurements. The local Vessel Traffic Service monitoring the ship traffic to two oil terminals on the coast of Norway received the analyses and forecasts in real time.A new assimilation method based on optimal interpolation is presented where spatial covariances derived from an ocean model are used instead of simplified mathematical formulations. An array of high frequency radar antennae provides the current measurements. A suite of nested ocean models comprises the model system. The observing system is found to yield good analyses and short range forecasts that are significantly improved compared to a model twin without assimilation. The system is fast, analysis and 6-h forecasts are ready at the Vessel Traffic Service 45 min after acquisition of radar measurements.     

电动汽车区域示范运行评价体系研究

本文着重将电动汽车区域性示范运行视为一个由7个子系统构成的系统工程,通过研究和界定子模块的关联机制和构成要素,从统筹评价的角度建立了电动汽车示范运行评价体系,为示范城市政府指导、评估各种示范运行方案提供方法论的基础和决策依据,为厂商的规模化和商业化推广电动车提供理论思路。     

玉林市公路交通运输对区域经济发展的影响分析

公路交通运输与区域经济发展密不可分,公路交通的发展程度必然会对区域经济发展产生极大的影响。文章以玉林市为例,运用弹性系数法,通过详细的数据对比和计算,系统地分析了公路交通运输对玉林市经济活动区位、区域产业结构及经济发展水平的影响,表明公路交通运输在玉林市区域经济发展的过程中占据了重要的地位。     

区域旅游交通小区划分研究

为对旅游交通小区进行准确划分,必须先对旅游交通的研究范围和对象进行准确界定。通过对旅游交通特性的分析,了解到旅游交通与公共交通的主要区别体现在:时空的不均衡性,较强的时效性,较高的娱乐性、享乐性。对比城市交通小区的划分,提出区域旅游交通小区的划分原则和步骤,并利用这些原则和步骤,对云南省旅游交通小区进行划分,验证原则和步骤的实用性。     

浅谈城市交通旅游图的编制

随着人们生活水平的日益提高,对旅游的需求不断增加,对旅游地图的品质也有更高要求。分析城市交通旅游地图的概念和特点,对城市交通旅游地图的基本内容、符号、比例尺、开本大小以及整饰设计等方面进行论述,提出一种较实用的旅游地图设计方法。