国际国外高速铁路技术法规及标准体系分析

通过对国际国外高速铁路技术法规及标准体系的研究,系统分析国际铁路联盟、欧盟、日本、美国、俄罗斯的高速铁路技术法规及标准体系现状,旨在为完善我国高速铁路技术标准体系、促进我国高速铁路标准国际化及实施我国铁路走出去战略提供参考与借鉴。     

On the development of public transit in large cities

This article presents a summary of the analyses and set of recommendations given by a committee of transit specialists gathered by the Minister of Transport of Chile aiming at improving Transantiago, the new transit system recently inaugurated for Santiago. This summary focuses on those recommendations directed towards improving the efficiency, service quality and sustainability of mass public transportation systems in major cities in the developing world and that could be implemented in a short term (within two years). Three broad dimensions of public transit are considered: competition and regulation; investment, financing, fares and subsidies; and the operation and use of infrastructure, design, inspection and control. Although the study grew out of the needs and characteristics of a city such as Santiago (Chile), and of the virtues and deficiencies of Transantiago, much of the analyses and recommendations could be adopted and implemented in the major cities of developed countries in Europe, North America and Asia.     

Analysis of the economic and social parameters of the Three-Wheeler Taxi service in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has an extensive Three-Wheeler Taxi service comprised of around 300,000 vehicles. These vehicles, which first made an entry to Sri Lanka’s roads in the early 1980s, account for around 15% of the active motor vehicle fleet at present. Three-Wheelers Taxis also account for around 6% of the passenger kilometres. These vehicles are mostly individually operated with some owned by the operator and others hired on a monthly or daily basis. The industry is unregulated with vehicle registration and driving licenses being the only instruments of regulation. Fares are unregulated. However, most operators belong to associations which are loose collections of operators found in a given locality. These associations impose a degree of self regulation with respect to fares. They also tend to demonstrate oligapolistic behaviour.The paper is based on a survey of 200 operators and 100 passengers from a Divisional Secretariat area in Colombo District. The survey covered a number of details pertaining to ownership, management and fare structures, as well as opinions on the service attributes by users. The survey also covered perceptions of operators to determine the social, economic and transport implications of the services provided. Details were also obtained on the profiles of the operators and their expectations.The paper provides the results of the analysis of this data and draws a number of conclusions on the economics of the industry as well as the social aspects associated with it. It also discusses the characteristics of the users of these three wheelers as well as their typical use. The analysis also investigates complementarily of service provision between three wheelers as an access mode to buses and railways. This analysis has been used to develop an understanding of the manner in which the industry has grown over the last two decades and how it is being operated today. It also identifies areas wherein the industry has become inefficient and assesses the degree of over pricing that exists due to this. The data also helps to determine the relationship between unemployment and provision of self-employed transport services.The paper concludes with a synopsis of the profile of the industry and its role within the wider transport sector and with respect to ownership. It also discusses the positive and negative impacts of the lack of regulation on the industry.     

塑料燃油箱安全性能标准和试验方法

总结在国标中油箱试验中的关键点,以便于更好地理解和执行国标;阐释塑料油箱现行国外主要标准的检验方法;比较中欧塑料燃油箱标准的差异;提出对现行塑料燃油箱国标修订的具体建议。     

浅析水泥注浆在高边坡锚固工程中的作用

结合工程实例对高边坡锚固工程中的注浆进行了分析探讨，在总结注浆的有关规律的基础上，阐述了水泥浆液对高边坡稳定的作用机理，并提出注浆在高边坡锚固工程中的多种应用，可供类似工程参考。     

国内外汽车噪声法规和标准的发展

国外工业发达国家自６０年代起就对汽车噪声带来的环境问题给予了足够的重视，制定了许多法规和标准进行控制，并从１７０年代起每３－５年就修修订一次相关法规和标准，使汽车噪声限值有了大幅度的降低，这显著促进了汽车降噪技术和测量分析技术不断的深入研究和应用，本文概述了国内外这些法规和标准的发展，并结合我国有关现状提出了几点建议。     

国家计量检定规程《机车速度表》解读

介绍JJG 1092—2013《机车速度表》在检定对象、测量范围、误差的表述形式、基本误差的确定和溯源设备的计量要求等方面的变化内容及其依据,结合实际的检定工作,总结执行《规程》的注意事项,为检定人员深入了解规程的要求,在执行时正确理解和掌握内容实质提供参考。     

数字式超声波钢轨探伤仪检定方案分析

依据EN 12668-1:2004《无损检测—超声检查设备的表征及验证—仪器》和TB/T 2340—2012《钢轨超声波探伤仪》,对数字式超声波钢轨探伤仪的检定方案进行分析,重点剖析数字式钢轨探伤仪的时基线性、数字采样误差和响应时间等性能指标的检定方法,分别给出检定这3项指标的测试曲线。为开展新型探伤仪检定仪的研制、检定规程的制定以及数字探伤仪的现场检定提供借鉴。     

浅析公共交通企业财政补贴机制

优先发展城市公共交通,保障城市公交企业可持续发展,迫切需求研究适合我国国情的城市公交财政补贴测算方法.文章明确了公交企业财政补贴机制的基本依据和原则,合理界定财政补贴的范围、方式和资金来源,建立基于公交企业成本规制的财政补贴机制,为建立政策性亏损补贴机制提供依据.     

汽车碰撞试验及Hybird Ⅲ（假人）应用分析

本文通过对汽车正面碰撞试验标准的介绍和分析，提出试验的重要工具－假人（Hybird Ⅲ）不符合中国人体型的问题，此问题将导致试验结果评价的偏离，提请有关方面在制定相应标准时，对试验用假人的采用，做到在与国际标准接轨的同时，充分考虑中国的国情。