跨越饮用水水源保护区桥梁环境风险预测分析

文章应用溢油扩散模型、漂移模型和粒子跟踪模型等数学模型,对跨越饮用水水源保护区桥梁的油品泄漏事故开展定量预测分析及情景模拟预测,提出了针对性的风险防范与应急措施,为跨越敏感水体桥梁的环境影响评价、环保措施设计和风险管理提供科学依据与技术参考。     

大跨浅埋公路隧道下穿既有建筑施工的沉降控制

厦门机场下穿34号楼隧道工程,隧顶到建筑结构底3 m,属浅埋大跨下穿既有建筑物连拱隧道工程.论文根据工程类比法,采用CRD法优化隧道施工步骤;借助数值分析方法,分析既有建筑的沉降规律,把握了CRD法重点施工步骤.根据现场实测及数值模拟结果,提出了超前注浆、地面硬化及补偿抬升注浆、洞内全断面帷幕注浆、大管棚超前支护等多种施工辅助措施.实践表明,施工过程中既有建筑结构沉降得到有效控制,最终沉降量小于40 mm.     

拉之洞隧道溶洞涌泥处理施工技术

拉之洞隧道是黔桂铁路扩能工程QG3标段新建重点工程项目之一,全长2 240 m,分别从进、出口同时掘进。2005年7月1日,当隧道从出口端掘进至DK174 610掌子面时,突然发生罕见的溶洞涌泥事故。在此次自然灾害处理中,进行了综合超前地质预报,采用炮震引泥、机械清泥综合处理措施清除了涌出的填充体;制作了钢结构防护台车(并兼做模板台车),浇筑了混凝土护拱,加强了防护设施的安全性和初期支护的强度及整体性。由于采用了一系列有效措施,隧道于12月10日安全通过了大型溶洞。文章介绍了拉之洞隧道溶洞涌泥概况及处理措施。     

贝雷架钢桥的静动力荷载试验研究

文章结合工程实例,通过对贝雷梁桥梁静动力荷载试验,指出贝雷架钢桥连接部分存在联系不够紧密、桥梁横向分配性较差、桥面的振动感觉明显及钢梁易锈蚀等问题。提出了改善贝雷架钢桥结构的力学性能和使用状况,加强结构的定期检查及监测等相关建议。     

运用QC方法解决管片生产质量问题

武汉长江隧道钢筋混凝土管片在开始生产之前,成立了QC质量攻关小组。小组运用QC方法,严格按照PDCA循环步骤,针对在管片生产过程中出现的质量问题,进行了大量的试验、研究及摸索,并采取有效措施对混凝土配合比及生产工艺等方面进行了改进,最终成功解决了质量问题。     

公路施工项目成本管理的探讨

对公路工程项目管理成本控制的原则进行分析。结合在滨德高速公路的施工项目,提出了成本控制措施。     

基岩完整隧道衬砌环向裂缝成因分析及其防治措施

文章通过向莆铁路线七座完整基岩隧道二次衬砌环向裂缝的统计,对隧道衬砌开裂的原因进行了综合分析,阐述了混凝土结构裂缝的危害大小程度,以及设计及施工管理过程中对衬砌裂缝的控制途径,并对此提出了相应的处理措施和建议.     

地铁暗挖隧道二次衬砌施工质量控制浅析

文章根据深圳轨道交通二期工程安托山站—侨香站暗挖区间的二次衬砌施工经验,分析了地铁暗挖隧道二次衬砌施工质量的影响因素以及二次衬砌施工过程中容易发生的质量问题,并提出了具体的控制措施。通过经验总结,使地铁施工的管理、质量控制、施工通病防治上升一个台阶。     

乐百高速公路建设对洞穴鱼类自然保护区的影响分析

文章分析了拟建的广西乐业至百色高速公路项目建设和运营对凌云洞穴鱼类自然保护区的影响,并提出了减缓措施,为保护区管理和公路项目设计、施工及运营提供科学依据。     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.