SA取消前后RBN—DGPS系统精度评估与分析

在取消SA前后,对GPS、RBN－DGPS的陆地静态定点定位进行实测、统计与分析,重点对RBN－DGPS基准站的伪距改正量残差、经纬度残差等数据进行了大量的实测与传统,并在此基础上,统计了SV、HDOP、VDOP、PDOP、2DRMS的概率。采用回归分析的数学方法,建立了RBN－DGPS用户定位精度随基准站距离变化的数学模型。对我国GPS、RBN－DGPS系统的应用与开发,具有一定的参考价值。     

混凝土桥梁裂缝成因分析

通过对混凝土桥裂缝产生原因分析,及裂缝对混凝土影响,讨论设计施工及使用过程中应如何避免混凝土产生裂缝。     

三跨变截面薄壁钢箱梁有限元分析

薄壁箱梁受力复杂,为较好把握薄壁连续箱梁的受力行为,基于SAP2000对某三跨变截面连续薄壁箱梁进行有限元分析,分析结果表明支座移动对结构产生较大的内力,建议连续梁设计时在引起支座移动截面处设置铰来减小该处产生的内力。     

Efficiency in Asian railways: a comparison between data envelopment analysis approaches

Performance analysis has become a vital part of the management practices in the logistics infrastructure. Although there are numerous applications using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to estimate efficiency in ports and airports, research on railway efficiency remains scarce. Most of the efficiency studies of railways assume that inputs and outputs are known with absolute precision. Here, we compare Stochastic-DEA and Fuzzy-DEA models to assess, respectively, how the underlying randomness and fuzziness impact efficiency levels in railway operations in six different Asian countries: Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Findings reveal that conclusions with respect to the ranking of these railways may vary substantially depending upon the type of model chosen, although efficiency scores are similar to some extent when compared within the ambits of Stochastic-DEA and Fuzzy-DEA models. Additionally, modeling choices on fuzziness, rather than randomness, appear to be the most critical source for variations in efficiency rankings.     

Assessment of offshore structures under extreme wave conditions by Modified Endurance Wave Analysis

Recently, various approaches have been introduced to estimate the response of offshore structures in different sea states by stepwisely intensifying records. In this article, a more practical approach entitled Modified Endurance Wave Analysis (MEWA) considering the random and probabilistic nature of wave loading and utilizing optimal time duration is introduced. Generation procedure of this approach is described based on two practical wave theories: random and constrained new-wave. In addition, assessment of a simplified model representing a typical fixed offshore platform under extreme wave conditions in the Persian Gulf is performed making use of MEWA. A comparative analysis has been also carried out to investigate the accuracy and computational costs of MEWA. The results indicate that MEWA can be a time-saving and also reliable method both in design and assessment of offshore platforms.     

A dynamic station strategy to improve the performance of flex-route transit services

As an innovative combination of conventional fixed-route transit and demand responsive service, flex-route transit is currently the most popular type of flexible transit services. This paper proposes a dynamic station strategy to improve the performance of flex-route transit in operating environments with uncertain travel demand. In this strategy, accepted curb-to-curb stops are labeled as temporary stations, which can be utilized by rejected requests for their pick-up and drop-off. The user cost function is defined as the performance measure of transit systems. Analytical models and simulations are constructed to test the feasibility of implementing the dynamic station strategy in flex-route transit services. The study over a real-life flex-route service indicates that the proposed dynamic station strategy could reduce the user cost by up to 30% without any additional operating cost, when an unexpectedly high travel demand surpasses the designed service capacity of deviation services.     

Traffic consolidation in East Asian container ports: A network flow analysis

The proliferation of hub-and-spoke operations in maritime container transportation has resulted in the widespread consolidation of traffic flows. Utilising liner shipping network configurations, this paper assesses the impact of freight traffic consolidation in the container port industry by exploring the spatial pattern of traffic flow movements and identifying the variety of roles that container ports play within this context. On the basis of the network concept, the spatial inequality of freight traffic consolidation is determined by the density and direction of all meaningful connections (i.e. significant flows) identified by applying Multiple Linkage Analysis (MLA) to an initial traffic flow matrix.The effectiveness of the chosen methodology is tested empirically using a sample comprising the 18 major container ports in East Asia, together with another 21 important container ports located on the East–West trading route. Based on this sample network, the spatial structure of traffic flow consolidation reveals the nature and structure of hub-and-spoke operations within a port system, the relative hub-dependence of ports, the variety of roles which individual ports play within the overall structure of inter-port interactions and the hierarchical configuration of the port industry structure. The paper concludes that MLA offers new insights into the distributional inequality of traffic flows, the spatial and economic interactions between ports and the extent to which hinterlands overlap. Furthermore, the analysis clearly shows that inter-port relationships can no longer be evaluated as isolated phenomena; any change in a specific port’s competitiveness will directly impact upon the structure of the whole maritime transportation system. Port authorities and terminal operators will need, therefore, to carefully analyse and disentangle specific inter-port relationships in order to provide the most appropriate basis for their decision making.     

高职教师课堂教学质量的评价方法研究

根据高职院校的课堂教学特点,首先构建了具有高职特色的教学质量评价指标体系;然后,利用主成分分析法对评教数据进行数学处理,求得各主成分和综合因子的得分,并对教师的教学质量与师德师表进行量化评价;最后,利用第一、第二主成分的得分聚类图,实现了对教学质量的定性评判。结果表明,主成分分析法提高了教学质量评价的科学性和合理性。     

基于层次分析法的船舶事故人因可靠性研究

人因可靠性评估方法（HRA）能较好地反应操作人员的失误和事故产生的直接原因,所以在船舶事故分析中起到了一定的作用,但是也有其局限性,如忽视了组织管理对船舶事故发生的影响等.针对人因可靠性评估方法的不足,在HRA分析的基础上,采用层次分析法（AHP）,综合考虑人的行为和决策以及组织管理因素对船舶事故的影响,客观地体现各个因素在船舶事故中的作用.     

基于梁板结构的船舶系统可靠性分析及其优化

采用梁元和加筋板格元来模拟船舶空间结构,并建立相应的系统可靠性分析与优化模型。针对加筋板格可靠性分析中计算反向结点力向量时忽略加强筋影响而导致计算结果偏于保守的缺点,采用了完整加筋板格元的反向结点力向量和修正刚度矩阵,在此基础上采用分支限界法搜索系统主要失效模式并对其提出改进措施,保证了计算精度并提高了计算效率;运用界限搜索法求解模糊约束集的最优水平截集,进而求得系统可靠性约束下结构质量的模糊最优解,并与确定性优化设计结果对比,结果显示模糊优化模型具有更好的经济效益,可供工程借鉴使用。