Policy considerations for wetland wastewater treatment in the coastal zone: A case study for Louisiana

Two major environmental problems currently affecting the Louisiana coastal zone are a high rate of wetland loss and high levels of surface water pollution. The application of secondarily treated wastewater to wetlands can be a means of dealing with both of these problems. The benefits of wetland wastewater treatment include improved surface water quality, increased accretion rates to balance a high relative water level rise due mainly to subsidence, improved plant productivity and habitat quality, and decreased capital outlays for conventional engineering treatment systems. Wetland treatment systems can, therefore, be designed and operated to restore deteriorating wetlands. Hydrologically altered wetlands, which are common in the Louisiana coastal zone, are appropriate for receiving municipal and some types of industrial effluent. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined wetland wastewater treatment is effective in treating municipal effluent, it has discouraged the use of natural wetlands for this purpose. At the same time, funds are being used for the construction of artificial wetlands to treat municipal effluent. In the Louisiana coastal zone, however, wetlands are deteriorating and disappearing due to hydrological alteration and a high rate of relative sea level rise. If no action is taken, these trends will continue. Effluent discharge to existing wetlands should be incorporated into a comprehensive management plan designed to increase sediment and nutrient input into subsiding wetlands in the Louisiana coastal zone, improve water quality, and result in more economical waste‐water treatment. The authors believe that the Louisiana example serves as a model for other coastal areas especially in light of projections of accelerated sea level rise.     

State ocean policy initiatives in Florida

Abstract

A territorial sea comprising 6.7 million acres of offshore lands extending three geographic miles into the Atlantic Ocean three marine leagues (nine geographic miles) into the Gulf of Mexico makes Florida the second largest “oceanowning”; state in the contiguous United States. Florida's history, climate, economic development, and worldwide reputation have evolved from the state's relationship with the sea. The state is now becoming aware that aggressive management of its ocean resources is necessary to preserve the future of that relationship. The purpose of this article is to present some of Florida's recent legal and policy initiatives that have been directed toward better understanding and management of ocean resources and uses.     

Using OMP analysis to observe temporal variability in water mass distribution

Previous optimum multiparameter analyses have investigated spatial distribution of water masses and reported successful results. This study tests the method further with application to a time series to examine temporal variability in water mass distribution. Observations collected from the Sargasso Sea are utilised, mainly to detect well-documented property changes that have occurred in Labrador Sea Water, but also possible fluctuations in water mass contributions as a whole.The results show much structure and variability in the contributions of Central Water and upper deep waters in the depth range 900–2000 m. It is proposed that the passage of warm and cold core eddies is indicated by these changes in relative contributions of water masses, although quantitative comparison of satellite altimetry data with the model results is not conclusive.Significant irregularities in the distribution of Labrador Sea Water are also revealed by the model. Through-flow of modified (since the early 1990s) Labrador Sea Water is denoted in the results by an apparent absence from mid-1995 to early 1998. This suggests a transit time of 5–6 years between the Labrador Sea and Bermuda, which is consistent with observational findings described in the literature.     

关于“航海”一词概念的几点探讨

以《中国大百科全书》中关于航海的定义为基础,对现有的几种航海定义进行了分析,并指出了这些定义中存在的不足之处,由此笔者得出对航海的定义。     

湛江港铁矿石码头钢管桩防腐方案及质量控制要点

介绍湛江港铁矿石码头钢管桩防腐方案,对防腐方案选型中考虑的因素进行讨论,并提出相关的施工质量控制要点。     

我国实施国际海上人命安全公约的不足及改进建议

《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》于1980年5月25日对我国生效以来,经过政府、各级海事管理部门、港口行政管理部门、船公司等有关部门和人员的共同努力,较好地实施了公约及其修正案的履约工作。但是,我国在执行SOLAS 1974中也存在一些不足之处。探讨我国履约工作存在的问题和不足,并提出改进建议。     

The choice of speed and clearance for RAS on 3D method

In this paper, a 3D source distribution technique is used to calculate the coupled motions between two ships which advance in the wave with the same speed. The numerical results of coupled motions for a frigate and a supply ship have a good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the 3D coupled motions of two ships, a spectral analysis is employed to clearly observe the effect of speed, clearance and wave heading on the significant relative motion amplitude (SRMA) of two ships.The method presented in this paper will be helpful to select suitable clearance, speed and wave heading for underway replenishment at sea(RAS).     

基于BLH框架的大深度载人潜水器总体性能的多学科设计优化

建立了一个大深度载人潜水器总体性能多学科设计优化的数学模型,并提出了BLH多学科设计优化框架来对大深度载人潜水器多学科设计优化数学模型进行构建.通过拉丁方试验设计方法对设计变量与多学科优化目标的相关性进行分析,最终得到满足性能指标要求的大深度载人潜水器总体设计优化结果.     

城市道路平面交叉口的改善对策及探讨

城市道路平面交叉口在城市道路网中居于核心地位,也是交通事故最集中的地方。针对城市道路平面交叉口出现的问题,该文从平面交叉口的几何构造、渠化、交通控制、行人过街安全等方面介绍了平面交叉口的改善措施,并结合实例进行探讨,以提高交叉口的通行能力。     

浅谈公路桥头跳车病害

该文从路基沉降、结构体系和施工方法等方面,对公路桥头跳车病害进行原因分析,并通过工程实例给出相应的病害防治措施,可为类似的桥头跳车的处理提供借鉴。