破损船体的剩余极限强度分析

基于ABS和DNv规范关于剩余强度规范要求,对船舶碰撞与搁浅的破损部位和范围的假定,考虑了发生碰撞与搁浅破损后,其船体梁剩余有效剖面的非对称性和可能发生不同程度倾斜的情况,采用结构共同规范(CSR)中的逐步破坏分析方法和船体梁非对称剖面计算模型,分别计算了散货船和油船破损船体在两种破损模式和不同倾斜情况下的剩余极限强度,并对不同破损范围的影响进行了分析和比较。研究结果为协调结构共同规范(HCSR)的制定提供了有价值的参考。     

铁路桥梁正常使用极限状态可靠度校准研究

分别以现行容许应力法规范、试行极限状态法规范和欧洲规范为依据,对某铁路工程预制后张法简支T梁的正截面抗裂性和桥梁刚度进行验算,从而对3种规范在正常使用极限状态下的可靠度进行比较,得出3种情况下的安全储备大小顺序:欧洲规范现行容许应力法规范试行极限状态法规范,并对试行极限状态法规范提出建议。     

基于ABAQUS离心叶轮应力的有限元分析

通过对叶轮自然频率的提取可以得到结构的基本周期。将叶轮载荷的施加周期与基本周期作出对比,可确定叶轮的分析类型为瞬态动力响应或稳态静力分析。作为叶轮的稳态静力分析,需要考虑三个问题:起始阶段旋转加速度引起的应力;起始阶段之后恒定旋转速度引起的向心力;上述两项引起应力效应的叠加。通过这些分析能为叶轮选择材料与减重。     

盾构隧道联络通道施工中管片纵向应力变化

阐述地铁隧道联络通道施工过程中进行实时监测的重要作用,介绍钢弦式应变计的测试原理及安装方法.研究盾构隧道拆除联络通道洞门管片时的纵向应力变化规律,利用应变电测法,对北京地铁盾构法隧道某联络通道开洞过程进行应力监测,为保证施工部位和周围环境的安全提供可靠的监测数据.对监测数据进行统计,并对钢管片相邻的混凝土管片受力进行对比,分析施工引起的盾构隧道管片的应力变化规律,为工程的顺利进行提供指导.     

北美铁路降低轮轨接触应力新进展

介绍了北美铁路在降低轮轨接触应力和轮轨作用力方面的研究成果.     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

卡棱贝格道垫的合理取值长度研究

卡棱贝格道垫是一种新型的轨道交通减振降噪产品,它在新建地铁中逐步得到应用,其原理与浮置板式轨道结构相同,其板下橡胶道垫作为整体支承,实际上就是橡胶浮置板轨道结构的一种特殊形式。从卡棱贝格道垫的基本参数入手进行分析,对该种轨道结构形式进行模态分析、静力学分析和动力学分析,得到此种轨道结构形式的自振频率在20 Hz左右,推荐卡棱贝格道垫的合理取值长度为10 m,并对该产品进行合理的安全性能和环境效益评价。     

DQ45型钳夹车钳形梁试验耳孔应力分布不均的有限元研究

叙述了DQ45型钳夹车静强度试验时其钳形梁同一车耳孔处应力内外偏差较大、分布不均的现象。应用有限元分析技术,通过倾斜连接销的角度模拟试验承载装置上的车耳孔同轴度偏差,从理论上验证了试验承载装置上的车耳孔同轴度发生偏差是引起耳孔处应力内外偏差较大、分布不均的主要原因。     

转向架用SMA490BW钢焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响因素

对转向架用SMA490BW钢焊接试样,采用冲击电流为1.5A、冲击时间分别为5,10,15或20min的超声冲击、低温热处理、机械打磨(磨平焊缝余高、打磨焊趾)的处理方法,通过残余应力测试和超声疲劳试验,对比分析应力集中、晶粒细化、残余应力等因素单独作用时对焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响程度,并借助扫描电镜观察疲劳断口,分析焊接接头超声冲击前后的裂纹萌生位置变化及失效模式。结果表明:经超声冲击或机械打磨后,焊接试样的疲劳寿命均得到不同程度的提高;磨平焊缝余高对提高焊接接头疲劳寿命最为显著,较原始焊接试样其疲劳寿命可提高约86.4倍;改善应力集中、细化表层晶粒、引入残余压应力对延长焊接接头寿命的贡献比分别约为59%,28%和13%;焊态及冲击态试样的疲劳裂纹大多萌生于焊趾表面,部分冲击态试样的裂纹转而从表面的机械加工的缺陷处萌生,少数从材料内部缺陷处萌生并扩展至断裂失效。