地铁暗挖隧道衬砌受力的优化设计

隧道衬砌作为主要支护受力体系,断面的形式对衬砌结构受力有很大的影响.目前国内外地铁隧道衬砌大都采用等厚度形式,这样会造成结构受力上的不合理和工程造价提高.以广州地铁6号线站后折返线暗挖隧道为例,通过对马蹄形断面进行不等厚衬砌断面优化设计,得到合理的断面形式,达到结构上受力合理、隧道的整体稳定性好、工程造价低等目的.     

采用双互易边界元法进行三维声场特征值分析的近似函数研究

该文对应用双互易边界元法进行三维声场特征值分析时所用的近似函数进行了研究和讨论.分别以RBF函数、TPS函数和扩展的RBF和TPS函数作为近似函数对一长方体封闭空间声特征值进行了计算.计算结果表明:TPS函数得出的结果与其它函数相比是比较精确的,且收敛速度较快,但高次的TPS函数并没有显示出优势;TPS函数、扩展的TPS函数和RBF函数对于域内点的选取不太敏感.     

Hydrography, currents and distribution of suspended matter during a dumping experiment in the western Baltic Sea at a site near Warnemünde

During a dumping experiment on 20/21 June 2001, an extensive data record was collected to understand the dynamical processes in the water column of the investigation area and to validate model results. Weak westerly winds with strongly changing cloud coverage characterized the meteorological situation. During the second day the wind calmed down and moved shortly to easterly directions. The water column was characterized by a strong vertical stratification with discontinuity layers in temperature and salinity in 12 and 16 m. The current regime was dominated by outflow at the water surface and inflow along the German coast, with strong current shearing in the dumping area. The suspended matter clouds could be identified by optical methods and ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) scattering intensity. During the experiment the suspended matter plumes were only visible at the surface up to 1 h after the dumping. The aerial photographs document that the particle clouds at the surface drifted to the west and, after approximately 40 min, they were only weakly visible. The fine material was concentrated in the discontinuity layer leading to substantially higher values of optical parameters and suspended matter concentration than measured in the surface clouds. Due to the vertical current shears the material was transported in the water column in different directions. At the first day the maximum of the suspended matter in the discontinuity layer was in the north-western corner and in the bottom layer in the northeast corner of the dumping area. Strong wind conditions after the dumping led to periodical resuspension processes.     

Wave energy assessments in the Black Sea

The present work aims to evaluate the wave energy resources in the Black Sea basin. The study is focused on the western part of the sea, which is traditionally considered as being more energetic. In order to give a first perspective of the wave climate, a medium-term wave analysis was carried out using in situ measured data. As a further step, a wave prediction system was implemented for the Black Sea. This was based on the simulating waves near-shore model, which is used for both wave generation and near-shore transformation. This methodology has the advantage that a single model covers the full scale of the modelling process. Various tests were performed considering data measured at three different locations. Special attention was paid to the whitecapping process, which is still widely considered to be the weak link in deep water wave modelling. Comparisons carried out against measured data show that the wave prediction system generally provides reliable results, especially in terms of significant wave heights and mean periods. By increasing the resolution in geographical space, the field distributions of wave energy were analysed for both high and average wave conditions. The analysis and the wave prediction system developed are a prerequisite for further investigations extended in time and with increased resolution in the near-shore direction.     

活性炭氧化改性及氯化氰消除的应用研究

本文选用硝酸为氧化剂对活性炭进行了处理,考察了硝酸浓度和处理时间对活性炭表面化学性质的影响,通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪对改性活性炭进行了表征,考察了以改性活性炭为载体制备炭催化剂对氯化氰的消除性能。结果表明,硝酸浓度和处理时间是影响活性炭表面化学性质的重要因素,低浓度硝酸氧化改性提高了活性炭的表面亲水性而对活性炭的结构没有明显影响,制备的炭催化剂对氯化氰防护时间明显增长。当硝酸浓度为8%,处理时间5h～8h消除氯化氰效果最好。     

利用BP神经网络模型动态预测隧道涌水量——以铜锣山隧道为例

以垫邻高速铜锣山隧道为例,在分析隧道涌水和降雨响应特征的基础上,建立了综合考虑降雨脉冲、降雨累积效应和地下水系统整合作用的隧道涌水量预测的BP神经网络模型。计算结果表明,该模型对训练样本的拟合程度较好(平均绝对百分比误差为13.27%)且具有较高的预测精度(平均绝对百分比误差为15.05%)。该模型的建立和成功应用对丰富隧道涌水量的预测方法和动态指导隧道防排水管理具有重要意义。     

基于物面重叠的多附体船舶阻力数值模拟

阐述物面重叠技术,介绍重叠网格的基本原理以及物面重叠的处理方法,在此基础上采用单相Level-Set捕捉自由面方法和RANS方程对某型带多件附体的船舶进行阻力数值模拟,对其流场和自由面波形进行分析。与模型试验结果进行对比发现:数值计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,误差满足工程精度要求,验证了物面重叠技术应用于多附体船舶阻力数值模拟的可靠性。     

Estimation Method for Ground Settlements of the Karst Tunnel in Soil Surrounding Rock北大核心CSCD

Waterseepageofakarsttunnelsectioninsoilsurroundingrockispronetosurfacesubsidence.Considering the settlement caused by descending of water level due to water leakage, a method of surface settlement estimation under steady seepage of phreatic water was proposed. Based on the seepage and consolidation theory, the changes of dead-weight and seepage effective stress of soil unit in surrounding rock was analyzed in condition of water seepage, and the settlement zone of surrounding rock was divided by taking the funnel curve of precipitation as the boundary line. A two-dimension plane was established based on the excavation cross section and the estimation formula for surface settlement due to seepage effect was deduced by means of double integral. On the basis of Yaozhai tunnel of Liuzhai-Hechi Expressway in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the surface settlement of soil surrounding sec⁃ tion was predicted by field measurement and formula estimation respectively. Facts and figures show that the mea⁃ sured values are mainly consistent with the estimation ones, while the measured values are larger than the estima⁃ tion ones within the scope 3 m away from the excavation face along the horizontal radial direction. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

基于LBM方法的圆盘等速入水空泡的数值模拟

采用单相格子Boltzmann模型进行了物体垂直入水问题的研究.该模型适用于大密度比的气液两相流动,其特点是忽略了系统中气相对液相的动力学影响.模拟了圆盘垂直等速入水过程,给出了入水过程中空泡与自由面的变化规律,研究了圆盘入水空泡相对闭合深度与Froude数之间的关系.数值模拟结果与相关的实验结果吻合良好,验证了格子Boltzmann方法(LBM:Lattice Boltzmann Method)模拟物体入水问题的可行性.     

响应面分析法在隧道相似材料试验中的应用

基于数理统计响应面分析法中的二次回归通用旋转法,将粘聚力与内摩擦角作为铁路隧道软弱围岩的研究指标:以重晶石、石英砂和凡士林等混合物作为铁路隧道软弱围岩的相似材料,通过应力控制式三轴试验仪进行常规三轴试验;利用非线性同归分析的方法对实验结果进行分析,分别得出相似材料配比与围岩粘聚力及内摩擦角的变化规律.综合考虑粘聚力与内摩擦角两个指标之后,最终得出与模型试验所需围岩条件相匹配的相似材料的重晶石、石英砂与凡士林的最佳配比为9.25:4.56:0.67.