Sequential sampling method using Gaussian process regression for estimating extreme structural response

A methodology for estimating extreme response statistics for marine structures, that takes both the long-term variability of the metocean environment and the short-term variability of response into account is presented. The proposed methodology uses Gaussian process regression to estimate parameters of the short-term response distribution, based on output from computationally expensive hydrodynamic simulations. We present an adaptive design strategy for sequential updating of the model, focusing on the metocean conditions that contribute the most to the long-term extreme. With this approach, only a limited number of hydrodynamic simulations are needed.The suggested approach is demonstrated on the problem of estimating the 25-year extreme vertical bending moment on a ship. We show that a relatively small number of iterations (full hydrodynamic simulations) are needed to converge toward the “exact” results obtained by running a large number of simulations covering the entire range of sea states.The results suggest that the proposed method can be used as an alternative to contour-based methods or other methods that consider a few sea states using accurate numerical simulations, with little or no added complexity or computational effort.     

Calibration of response amplitude operators based on measurements of vessel motions and directional wave spectra

A vessel's response to waves is dependent on a large number of parameters, some of which are both frequency and direction dependent. To predict vessel response, these parameters are used to construct response amplitude operators (RAOs) that act as transfer functions between the directional wave spectra and the motion spectra of the vessel. In particular situations, however, vessel motions predicted using RAOs calculated with general-purpose radiation-diffraction codes and measured wave spectra are found to deviate from measured vessel responses. To address this problem, a methodology for calibrating RAOs based on measurements of the directional wave spectra and vessel motions is proposed. Use is made of a vector fitting method through which the frequency dependent hydrodynamic properties of the vessel can be approximated by a ratio of two polynomials, thus greatly reducing the number of parameters that need to be calibrated. The reduced set of parameters is subsequently related to previously identified causes of RAO inaccuracy in order to arrive at optimization algorithms for identifying more accurate RAOs from the measurements. It is shown that the RAOs can be improved with accuracy in situations where the discrepancies are caused by imprecise estimates for the vessel's radii of gyration, center of gravity, or viscous damping. When the discrepancies in the RAOs are related to the potential mass, damping and wave forces, however, the problem becomes highly non-convex and it is not possible to find a unique RAO that satisfies the data.     

基于工作分解结构法的高铁研发试验工程装备采购管理实践

中国标准高速动车组及高铁关键装备研发试验工程项目是一项典型的涉及多系统、多目标、多阶段的大型项目。从介绍项目特点入手,分析项目装备采购管理主要影响因素,系统、全面地提出基于工作分解结构法的项目装备采购管理方案。结合项目装备采购管理实践,介绍项目构成、组织、任务、进度、质量和经费共6个方面的分解结构,提出关于质量、进度和经费控制的管理措施或对策。构建的装备采购管理体系,可为类似大型工程项目装备采购实施提供借鉴。     

大凌河特大桥试桩极限承载力的试验及评价

本文通过在大凌河特大桥工程中探索性应用"扁担梁"式锚桩法试桩静载试验,采用小直径径试桩,实测试桩竖向抗压极限承载力以及桩周各土层的分段摩阻力与端阻力,为设计单位对桩参数进行优化提供了有利的试验数据。同时,也为本地区试桩的试验、评价提出了一种准确、可靠、经济可行、工期短的检测方法。     

轨道交通施工期间的交通组织方法研究与应用

文章根据轨道施工特点及其周边区域综合状况,介绍了轨道交通施工站点交通组织的主要方法与步骤,并以兰州轨道一号线东方红广场站为例,结合该站点周边用地及区域交通分析提出了两个交通组织方案,并应用交通仿真软件进行方案比选。     

复杂舱室船舶节点结构疲劳强度评估方法研究

由于使命或功能要求的不同,有些船型具有复杂的舱室划分和结构,其节点的结构形式和数量众多,在设计分析过程中发现节点的应力集中和疲劳问题突出.因而,在对具有复杂舱室的船舶进行疲劳强度评估时,需要考虑的疲劳校核部位相应增多.针对疲劳校核部位选取的问题,本次研究提出基于全船有限元基本网格节点进行疲劳节点筛选的方法.另外,本文以由上述筛选方法筛选出的船舶强框架结构位置处的热点为例,给出了该结构处圆弧过渡位置的4种细化方式;并参照中国船级社2015版《船体结构疲劳指南》,给出了复杂舱室船舶节点结构疲劳强度评估的整套方法.     

内河无人船局部路径规划和循迹控制

提出了内河无人船在水流中的局部路径规划算法,并在直线Line of Sight算法基础上设计了一般曲线路径的LOS循迹控制算法。将此算法结合完成了内河无人船的航行试验,实现了在落潮、涨潮等不同水流条件下的无人自主航行,验证了所提算法的有效性和实用性,对内河无人船的应用研究具有借鉴意义。     

图像处理技术在零件表面破损检测中的应用

破损面积检测是通过图像处理中的优化算法将破损影像独立出来,将破损部分的影像二值化为黑色,其它部分为白色,通过对黑色像素点的统计计算和单位转换,得到破损部分的面积,进而作出合格与否的判断。对破损最大线性长度的检测是利用“边界扫描法”,通过沿x轴和y轴方向的扫描,找到破损边界,再根据对2组平行线所围成的矩形对角线进行计算,来确定破损部分的最大线性长度。     

柴油机活塞环镀层摩擦学特性研究

对镀铬、喷钼和陶瓷复合镀铬的柴油机球墨铸铁活塞环的摩擦学性能进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,3种活塞环中,高硬度的铬层、陶瓷颗粒和储油微孔隙的存在使陶瓷复合镀铬活塞环具有最佳的耐磨性,其磨损系数仅为镀铬环的14.5%、喷钼环的0.02%;喷钼活塞环摩擦因数最低,但其磨损系数是陶瓷复合镀铬活塞环的49.6倍.     

青藏铁路工程走廊多年冻土对全球气候变化的响应

针对受全球气候转暖影响青藏铁路沿线年平均气温逐年上升的环境变化,基于青藏铁路沿线不同区域内多年来的气象及地温监测资料,进行青藏铁路工程走廊气候要素演化及多年冻土对全球气候变化响应的研究。结果表明:青藏铁路工程走廊内气温基本以年均0.03℃的速度升高;年降水量大部分在250~450mm之间,且呈波动增大变化趋势;冻结指数和融化指数逐年增大,暖冬现象明显;地面温度升温速率达0.06℃·年-1,是气温升温速率的1.34倍;沿线多年冻土区2007年至2013年间天然上限抬升的仅占9%,而天然上限下降的占91%;地基多年冻土不同深度处地温均在升高,距离上限较近的地温升温速率普遍最大,多年冻土退化主要为自上而下;唐古拉山以北多年冻土退化较唐古拉山以南明显。