车用发动机表面辐射噪声源识别的研究

以一车用6缸柴油机为研究对象，通过表面振动测量法进行了发动机表面噪声源识别的研究，首先在半自由声场条件下测量了该发动机的实际声功率，而后通过发动机各噪声辐射部件的表面振动速度的平方对对时间和在振动表面上的平均值预测了各部件表面辐射噪声声功率，从而识别出了该发动机的主要表面噪声源。     

沥青路面松铺平整度随车监测仪

经试验研究 ,实践操作 ,研究出一种新型的沥青路面松铺平整度随车监测仪 ,具有自动采集数据 ,自动处理 ,并随摊铺作业自动向前推进等优点 ,论述了其功能与技术指标、工作原理及主要解决的技术问题     

常规控制图用于室内环境检测实验室测试过程受控判定方法的探讨

利用统计学原理,收集测试过程稳定状态下的质控样标准物质浓度数据,制作质控样标准物质的常规控制图,用于室内环境检测实验室测试过程受控判定,方法可行。     

基于列车动力响应的铁路桥梁损伤诊断方法

以桥梁单元的刚度下降率作为损伤指数,通过列车—桥梁耦合振动理论计算列车动力响应对桥梁损伤指数的灵敏度,并构建立灵敏度矩阵和建灵敏度方程,利用约束优化方法求解灵敏度方程得到各单元的损伤指数,实现对桥梁损伤的诊断。应用该方法对1座简支梁桥进行损伤诊断的结果表明:该方法对轨道不平顺不敏感;利用列车车体和转向架的加速度、速度和位移响应均能对桥梁进行准确的损伤诊断,但这3种响应信号中的位移响应最难测量,而且相对于转向架而言,在车体上更容易布置传感器,因此建议优先选用车体加速度和速度响应作为桥梁损伤诊断的输入;该方法既能诊断桥梁单一位置的损伤,也能识别桥梁多个位置的损伤。     

Coastal Management Using Public Judgments,Importance Scales,and Predetermined Schedule

A predetermined schedule of sanctions and regulations that reflect both scientific knowledge of resources and the preference and judgments of resource users in the community may provide a useful guide for management decisions involving complex coastal resource systems. Such a schedule can be implemented by constructing scales reflecting public judgments of the relative importance of adverse impacts on resources, or of activities causing such impacts. The importance scales can then be used to assess existing regulations and current management priorities and to serve as a guide for revisions and changes to current practice, for the design of new policy, for rationalizing regulatory controls, and for determining damage awards and other deterrence sanctions. The resulting evolution of a schedule can improve the consistency of resource use with community preferences by, for example, prescribing more severe restrictions on what are widely agreed to be more serious harms and lesser controls on less important ones. The application of this approach is demonstrated using Ban Don Bay, Thailand.     

认知心理学理论在激发学生英语学习兴趣中的运用

文章结合笔者多年的教学经验,通过运用认知心理学的学习动机、归因和习得性无力感理论,分析了造成学生学习英语兴趣低的原因,并运用认知心理学的相关理论提出了激发学生学习兴趣,提高学习效率的具体措施。     

湿式喷凝土工法速凝剂的应用

喷凝土为新奥法重要支撑组件之一,传统喷凝土施工多采用干式喷凝土工法。干式喷凝土施工时会造成大量的粉尘,影响隧道内空气质量和施工人员健康,且喷浆机吐出量小,施工速度慢。湿式喷凝土施工时无粉尘弥漫的状况,加上配合机械臂,不但节省人力,而且吐出量大,大幅改善喷凝土施工速率。本文就湿式喷凝土工法施工中速凝剂的应用情形进行探讨,认为采用湿式喷凝土工法时,应努力推广采用水泥系速凝剂及粉状速凝剂送料机。     

中日规范地下结构反应位移法的位移与剪力研究

在我国《城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范》对地下结构反应位移法的设计指导偏少的情况下,研究分析其与日本《水道施設耐震工法指针·解说》反应位移法地层位移函数和地层剪力计算公式的差异,并通过某工程地铁车站的算例比较得到,车站埋置于中软土层的地层位移和地层剪力计算,"日本规范"偏于安全,而中硬土层的计算则"中国规范"偏于安全。建议地下结构抗震设计中,当车站埋置土层剪切波速大于300 m/s时,不宜再留设过多安全储备,并可结合安评参数考虑一定的地震作用折减。     

Estimation of the surface and mid-depth currents from Argo floats in the Pacific and error analysis

With the large deployment, the Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography program has great potential for measuring the ocean currents both on the surface and at mid-depth. However the positioning error of fixes in a trajectory varies from 150 m to 1000 m, and thus created difficulty for accurate estimations of the surface and mid-depth currents. Also the reliability of the estimated surface and mid-depth currents requires accurate error estimations.In this study a new sequential method of Argo float surface trajectory tracking and extrapolating is proposed based on Kalman Filter (KF), under the presumption that a surface trajectory of Argo float is dominated by a constant current plus inertial oscillation. This trajectory tracking and extrapolating method is able to reduce the positioning uncertainties of Argo surface trajectories and provides error estimations. When this method was applied to extrapolate the positions when float resurfacing and descending, the estimation error of the mid-depth currents can be reduced. Utilizing this method in the Pacific, surface and mid-depth currents were estimated from surface trajectories of Argo floats from 2001 to 2004, along with their detailed error estimations. The average error for surface currents is about 4.4 cm s^− 1 which is equivalent to the accuracy order (5 cm s^− 1) of the Surface Velocity Program drifters. The estimation error of the mid-depth currents at 1000 db is reduced to about 0.21 cm s^− 1 without considering the effect of vertical shear.This study shows that the surface trajectory from Argo float provides a new means to measure surface circulations in the global ocean at real time, and that the estimated mid-depth current could be one of the important sources to improve the understanding for ocean dynamic.     

Private road competition and equilibrium with traffic equilibrium constraints

Toll road competition is one of the important issues under a build-operate-transfer (BOT) scheme, which is being encountered nowadays in many cities. When there are two or more competing firms and each firm operates a competitive toll road, their profits are interrelated due to the competitors' choices and demand inter-dependence in the network. In this paper we develop game-theoretic approaches to the study of the road network, on which multiple toll roads are operated by competitive private firms. The strategic interactions and market equilibria among the private firms are analyzed both in determining their supply (road capacity) and price (toll level) over the network. The toll road competition problems in general traffic equilibrium networks are formulated as an equilibrium program with equilibrium constraints or bi-level variational inequalities. Heuristic solution methods are proposed and their convergences are demonstrated with simple network examples. It is shown that private pricing and competition can be both profitable and welfare-improving.