深水软体排铺设全过程质量控制技术

长江南京以下12.5 m深水航道整治工程和畅洲标段软体排铺设范围内泥面高程最深-42.9 m、实测最大流速2.1 m/s,已铺设软体排最长超过640 m。针对深水大流速工况下超长软体排铺设测量控制问题,采用全过程质量控制技术,从软体排铺设前、铺设过程中及铺设后进行全过程控制,经过在深水软体排中的应用,所有排体搭接宽度、整体质量满足设计要求。     

长江中游藕池口水道河床演变及航道条件分析

藕池口水道位于长江中游下荆江首端,河床演变十分复杂,揭示其演变机理并针对性地提出相应的治理措施十分必要。藕池口水道在下荆江具有一定的代表性。从实测资料出发,分析藕池口水道的河床演变特点,揭示其滩、槽演变规律,并通过重点分析航道条件,提出治理措施,可为后续深入研究荆江河段河床演变、碍航特性及航道治理提供参考。     

长江中下游东流水道河床演变特性及趋势预测

以东流水道为研究对象,从水流泥沙、河道地形等实测数据出发,分析其河床演变基本特征,着重探讨整治工程实施后地貌出现的新变化,同时结合平面二维数学模型对该河段的发展趋势进行预测。结果表明:整治工程实施后深泓线趋于顺直,且整体存在下摆趋势;东港经历了深泓线下切后进口段已基本稳定,中下段的深泓有所冲深;天玉串沟整体维持冲刷趋势,老虎滩头部冲刷后退,其尾部淤积下延;天沙洲沙头侵蚀后退,尾部基本稳定但面积持续缩减。东流河段的整治工程在2010年汛期前较好地控制了东流河段,整体上达到了整治预期效果。2010年讯后地貌形态出现较大变化,结合平面二维水沙数学模型对该河段未来10 a发展趋势进行预测,分析结果与实测基本吻合。今后应加强整治工程力度,着重维护西港的稳定、控制东港分流比,防治河段出现大幅的冲刷和淤积。     

沪通长江大桥112 m钢桁梁墩顶临时连接件焊接质量控制

沪通长江大桥北岸主桥中共有23跨112 m简支钢桁梁,采用先连续后简支,悬臂拼装的1+1、2+1和3+1模式进行安装架设,结构体系转换主要通过墩顶临时连接的焊接与解除来实现。因此,墩顶临时连接件的焊接质量是保证整个钢桁梁悬臂拼装安全的关键。根据112 m钢桁梁架设方案和墩顶临时连接设计特点,厘出墩顶桥位现场焊接工程控制重难点,结合工程实际做好焊接工艺评定,从焊接坡口组装、焊接顺序,到具体焊接工艺提出针对性的技术保障措施,确保墩顶临时连接件焊接质量,有力保障悬臂拼装安全顺利过墩顶,取得很好的工程效果。     

长江中游牧鹅洲关联演变河段航道整治方案

长江中游河段河床多为沙质,河床演变剧烈,受两岸石山、矶头和人工护岸工程等节点控制,上下游河段演变具有明显的关联性特征.以牧鹅洲水道为例,对其演变特征及其与下游湖广水道的关联特性进行分析,基于目前航道的不利变化趋势,结合已实施航道整治工程对本河段整治方案进行研究.通过在牧鹅洲水道实施护滩工程,同时解决牧鹅洲边滩中低滩冲刷...     

Dynamic analysis of a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with shared moorings in extreme environmental conditions

The concept of a shared mooring system was proposed to reduce mooring and anchoring costs. Shared moorings also add complexity to the floating offshore wind farm system and pose design challenges. To understand the system dynamics, this paper presents a dynamic analysis for a dual-spar floating offshore wind farm with a shared mooring system in extreme environmental conditions. First, a numerical model of the floating offshore wind farm was established in a commercial simulation tool. Then, time-domain simulations were performed for the parked wind farm under extreme wind and wave conditions. A sensitivity study was carried out to investigate the influence of loading directions and shared line mooring properties. To highlight the influence of the shared line, the results were compared to those of a single spar floating wind turbine, and larger platform motions and higher tension loads in single lines are observed for the wind farm with shared moorings. The loading direction affects the platform motions and mooring response of the floating offshore wind farm. Comparing the investigated loading directions to the 0-deg loading direction, the variation of mean mooring tension at the fairlead is up to 84% for single lines and 16% for the shared line. The influence of the shared line properties in the platform motions and the structural responses is limited. These findings improve understanding of the dynamic characteristics of floating offshore wind farms with a shared mooring system.     

长三角造船业风险及其防范研究

造船业不仅是资金密集、技术密集、劳动力密集的产业,也是风险密集的产业。造船业是一个高投入、低利润、高风险的行业,受美国次贷危机、全球股市剧烈震荡等因素影响,世界经济宏观环境变数增多,造船市场也受到了重大影响。航运市场波动风险、产能过剩风险、利率上调风险、技术风险、船东风险、价格风险、汇率风险等各种风险正在逐渐逼近长三角造船业。     

Turbulence in coastal fronts near the mouths of Block Island and Long Island Sounds

Measurements of turbulence were performed in four frontal locations near the mouths of Block Island Sound (BIS) and Long Island Sound (LIS). These measurements extend from the offshore front associated with BIS and Mid-Atlantic Bight Shelf water, to the onshore fronts near the Montauk Point (MK) headland, and the Connecticut River plume front. The latter feature is closely associated with the major fresh water input to LIS. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate, ε, was obtained using shear probes mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle. Offshore, the BIS estuarine outflow front showed, during spring season and ebb tide, maximum TKE dissipation rate, ε, estimates of order 10^− 5 W/kg, with background values of order 10^− 6 to 10^− 9 W/kg. Edwards et al. [Edwards, C.A., Fake, T.A., and Bogden, P.S., 2004a. Spring–summer frontogenesis at the mouth of Block Island Sound: 1. A numerical investigation into tidal and buoyancy-forced motion. Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (C12021), doi:10.1029/2003JC002132.] model this front as the boundary of a tidally driven, baroclinically adjusted BIS flow around the MK headland eddy. At the entrance to BIS, near MK, two additional fronts are observed, one of which was over sand waves. For the headland site front east of MK, without sand waves, during ebb tide, ε estimates of 10^− 5 to 10^− 6 W/kg were observed. The model shows that this front is at the northern end of an anti-cyclonic headland eddy, and within a region of strong tidal mixing. For the headland site front further northeast over sand waves, maximum ε estimates were of order 10^− 4 W/kg within a background of order 10^− 7–10^− 6 W/kg. From the model, this front is at the northeastern edge of the anti-cyclonic headland eddy and within the tidal mixing zone. For the Connecticut River plume front, a surface trapped plume, during ebb tide, maximum ε estimates of 10^− 5 W/kg were obtained, within a background of 10^− 6 to 10^− 8 W/kg. Of all four fronts, the river plume front has the largest finescale mean-square shear, S² ~ 0.15 s^− 2. All of the frontal locations had local values of the buoyancy Reynolds number indicating strong isotropic turbulence at the dissipation scales. Local values of the Froude number indicated shear instability in all of the fronts.     

液化天然气船通航模式下的航道通过能力评价方法

针对液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)船通航的特殊性,提出一种船舶领域的实证方法,以定量界定LNG船移动安全区尺度,并构建LNG船通航模式下的航道通过能力模型。根据五号沟LNG码头所在航道船舶自动识别系统(AIS)数据,对所提出的航道通过能力模型进行实证分析。研究结果表明,LNG船移动安全区尺度误差在15~28 m,具有较高的精确度。LNG船进港通航影响下的同向和逆向航道通过能力分别为110~250艘·h-1、120~230艘·h-1;LNG船出港通航影响下的同向和逆向航道通过能力分别为140~240艘·h-1、90~230艘·h-1。从通航效率的角度,建议LNG船在满潮前1 h的白天时段进港,航速可保持11 kn以上,但不应超过规定的最大航速;从通航安全的角度,建议 LNG 船在满潮后 1 h 的白天时段出港且航速保持 9.5 kn 以下,以保障LNG船航行安全。     

An object-oriented method for fully coupled analysis of floating offshore wind turbines through mapping of aerodynamic coefficients

This work presents a novel object-oriented approach to model the fully-coupled dynamic response of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). The key features offered by the method are the following: 1) its structure naturally allows for easy implementation of arbitrary platform geometries and platform/rotor configurations, 2) the analysis time is significantly faster than that of standard codes and results are accurate in situations where rotor dynamic contribution is negligible, and 3) an extremely flexible modeling environment is offered by the object-oriented nature of Modelica. Moreover, the current modeling facility used for the code development is open source and is naturally suitable for code sharing. In the present method, the aerodynamic model computes the aerodynamic loads through the mapping of steady-state aerodynamic coefficients. This modeling approach can be placed at the intersection between simplified aerodynamic methods, such as TDHMill, and full beam element/momentum-based aerodynamic methods. Aerodynamic loads obtained from the coefficients mapping are composed of a concentrated thrust and a concentrated torque. The thrust acts at the hub, while the torque is applied at the rotor low-speed shaft of a simplified rigid rotor equation of motion (EoM) used to emulate the rotor response. The aerodynamic coefficients are computed in FAST for a baseline 5 MW wind turbine. A standard rotor-collective blade-pitch control model is implemented. The system is assumed to be rigid. Linear hydrodynamics is employed to compute hydrodynamic loads. The industry-standard numerical-panel code Sesam-Wadam (DNV-GL) is used to preprocess the frequency-domain hydrodynamic problem. Validation of the code considers a standard spar-buoy platform, based on the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration (OC3-Hywind). The dynamic response is tested in terms of free-decay response, Response Amplitude Operator (RAO), and the time histories and power spectral densities (PSDs) of several load cases including irregular waves and turbulent wind. The resulting model is benchmarked against well-known code-to-code comparisons and a good agreement is obtained.