路面铣削装置的设计分析

路面铣削机械是近年来随着高速公路等的出现而发展起来的新机种。它采用滚动铣削筒作为工作装置，主要用于对路基的建立与路面修整。本文在叙述滚动铣削装置基本机理的同时，对滚动铣削装置各个参数的确立和设计进行详细的分析。     

基于RBF神经网络的铁路沿线短时风速预测方法

对实测风速数据进行Kalman滤波,去除实测风速数据的偏差;通过归一化处理,消除数据中的冗余成分;针对RBF神经网络的预测误差会随着时间的推移而增大的问题,采用滚动式训练方法在线训练RBF神经网络;用训练好的RBF神经网络进行风速预测,再对预测结果进行反归一化处理,得到最终的预测风速.仿真结果表明,运用基于RBF神经网络的铁路短时风速预测方法对短时风速进行预测,最大相对误差仅为5.92％,可满足铁路防灾安全监控系统中风速预测子系统的要求.     

对IEC 61373中模拟长寿命试验量级的分析

从疲劳损伤模型的选择上,对比分析IEC 61373《轨道交通机车车辆设备冲击和振动试验》2010版和1999版中模拟长寿命试验量级的差异性,对IEC 61373:1999中试验量级高于IEC 61373:2010的原因给出理论依据和解释。认为IEC 61373:2010更加符合机车车辆实际运行环境,试验检测时可避免过度试验对设备造成的损坏。据此提出对机车车辆设备模拟长寿命试验量级的选择建议和对标准的修订建议。     

A hybrid heuristic strategy for liquefied natural gas inventory routing

As liquefied natural gas (LNG) steadily grows to be a common mode for commercializing natural gas, LNG supply chain optimization is becoming a key technology for gas companies to maintain competitiveness. This paper develops methods for improving the solutions for a previously stated form of an LNG inventory routing problem (LNG-IRP). Motivated by the poor performance of a Dantzig-Wolfe-based decomposition approach for exact solutions, we develop a suite of advanced heuristic techniques and propose a hybrid heuristic strategy aiming to achieve improved solutions in shorter computational time. The heuristics include two phases: the advanced construction phase is based on a rolling time algorithm and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP); and the solution improvement phase is a series of novel MIP-based neighborhood search techniques. The proposed algorithms are evaluated based on a set of realistic large-scale instances seen in recent literature. Extensive computational results indicate that the hybrid heuristic strategy is able to obtain optimal or near optimal feasible solutions substantially faster than commercial optimization software and also the previously proposed heuristic methods.     

Visitor Preferences for Public Beach Amenities and Beach Restoration in South Florida

Coastal erosion threatens many sandy beaches and the ecological, economic, social and cultural amenities they provide. The problem is especially chronic in South Florida. A frequent solution for beach restoration involves sand replacement, or nourishment, but is temporary, expensive, and has usually been funded by governmental sources. However, as such agencies reduce their share and require more local funding, beach nourishment must rely on other funding sources, including beach recreationists. Our study characterized three South Florida beaches and probed visitor willingness-to-pay for beach nourishment. We found that even beaches within close proximity attract different user types. Users are amenable to higher fees if they lead to greater resource protection.     

基于国产变频器的轧钢交流主传动设计

通过对某棒材轧钢线轧机主传动采用直流母线方式的MD601变频器传动设计方案的介绍,对在轧钢生产线轧机主传动上应用国产变频器进行了探讨,研究了在这一钢铁重要领域中变频器国产化的可行性。     

Robust single-track train dispatching model under a dynamic and stochastic environment: A scenario-based rolling horizon solution approach

After a major service disruption on a single-track rail line, dispatchers need to generate a series of train meet-pass plans at different decision times of the rescheduling stage. The task is to recover the impacted train schedule from the current and future disturbances and minimize the expected additional delay under different forecasted operational conditions. Based on a stochastic programming with recourse framework, this paper incorporates different probabilistic scenarios in the rolling horizon decision process to recognize (1) the input data uncertainty associated with predicted segment running times and segment recovery times and (2) the possibilities of rescheduling decisions after receiving status updates. The proposed model periodically optimizes schedules for a relatively long rolling horizon, while selecting and disseminating a robust meet-pass plan for every roll period. A multi-layer branching solution procedure is developed to systematically generate and select meet-pass plans under different stochastic scenarios. Illustrative examples and numerical experiments are used to demonstrate the importance of robust disruption handling under a dynamic and stochastic environment. In terms of expected total train delay time, our experimental results show that the robust solutions are better than the expected value-based solutions by a range of 10-30%.     

Assessment of a semi-Hertzian method for determination of wheel–rail contact patch

Wheel–rail contact calculations are essential for simulating railway vehicle dynamic behavior. Currently, these simulations usually use the Hertz contact theory to calculate normal forces and Kalker's ‘FASTSIM’ program to evaluate tangential stresses. Since 1996, new methods called semi-Hertzian have appeared: 5 Kik, W. and Piotrowski, J. A fast approximate method to calculate normal load at contact between wheel and rail and creep forces during rolling. Paper presented at the 2nd Mini-conference on Contact Mechanics and Wear of Rail/Wheel Systems. July29–31, Budapest.  [Google Scholar] 7 Ayasse, J. B., Chollet, H. and Maupu, J. L. 2000. Paramètres caractéristiques du contact roue-rail. Rapport de Recherche INRETS n225, ISSN 0768–9756 (in French) [Google Scholar] (STRIPES). These methods attempt to estimate the non-elliptical contact patches with a discrete extension of the Hertz theory. As a continuation of 2 Ayasse, J. B and Chollet, H. 2005. Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions. Vehicle System Dynamics, 43(3) [Google Scholar], a validation of the STRIPES method for normal problem computing on three test cases is proposed in this article. The test cases do not fulfill the hypothesis required for the Hertz theory. Then, the Kalker's FASTSIM algorithm is adapted to STRIPES patch calculus to perform tangential forces computation. This adaptation is assessed using Kalker's CONTACT algorithm.     

车辆结构建模中的几个难点及对策

针对车辆结构的具体特点及建模中的难点，总结了一些有普遍指导意义的建模对策。这些对策在一个典型敞车的有限元分析中取得了令人满意的结果，计算值与实验值十分接近。     

轿车连杆精密辊锻-模锻复合锻造工艺

针对轿车连杆锻件的特点、技术条件与要求，提出一种精密辊锻-液压模锻锤模锻复合工艺，并进行了精密锻造工艺设计及模具设计。以广州本田轿车连杆体精密锻造成型为例，进行了精密辊锻制坯-液压模锻锤模锻复合工艺研究。研究结果表明，采用此工艺生产轿车连杆件，产品质量高，生产稳定可靠，比传统锤上模锻工艺节约原材料15％以上，能耗降低60％，锻件成本降低10％。