长丰县城乡公交需求和现状一体化分析

为了进一步加强城乡经济社会的协调发展,同时缩短城乡差距,加强综合交通网络,并提高城市和农村地区的综合交通运输网络,城乡公交一体化便是公共交通的主流发展。文章在深入安徽省合肥市长丰县实地调研的基础上,探究了长丰县公交一体化的发展状况,为长丰经济发展助力。     

铁路站场最优进路研究

本文介绍了计算机联锁进路搜索的现状以及基于图论理论建立的铁路站场控制的图模型，阐述了通过最短路原理实现的铁路站场最优进路控制的方法。     

Sampling of alternatives for route choice modeling

This paper presents a new paradigm for choice set generation in the context of route choice model estimation. We assume that the choice sets contain all paths connecting each origin–destination pair. Although this is behaviorally questionable, we make this assumption in order to avoid bias in the econometric model. These sets are in general impossible to generate explicitly. Therefore, we propose an importance sampling approach to generate subsets of paths suitable for model estimation. Using only a subset of alternatives requires the path utilities to be corrected according to the sampling protocol in order to obtain unbiased parameter estimates. We derive such a sampling correction for the proposed algorithm.Estimating models based on samples of alternatives is straightforward for some types of models, in particular the multinomial logit (MNL) model. In order to apply MNL for route choice, the utilities should also be corrected to account for the correlation using, for instance, a path size (PS) formulation. We argue that the PS attribute should be computed based on the full choice set. Again, this is not feasible in general, and we propose a new version of the PS attribute derived from the sampling protocol, called Expanded PS.Numerical results based on synthetic data show that models including a sampling correction are remarkably better than the ones that do not. Moreover, the Expanded PS shows good results and outperforms models with the original PS formulation.     

大型地下互通式立交型式选择和路线标准研究

文章通过对地下和地面立交对比分析,给出了三路和四路地下立体交叉的几种立交型式建议;并从造价和行车安全的角度,给出了地下立交分岔隧道的部分路线标准确定方法。在地下隧道立交的选型中,应尽量选取少交叉口、少叠交层次和行车视距较好的型式。在路线标准的选择中,尤其要注意满足运营速度下的停车视距,以保障行车安全。在考虑安全因素的同时,经济性和工程造价也是决定隧道型式和路线标准的重要因素。     

A topological route choice model for metro

This article presents a route choice model for public transit networks that incorporates variables related to network topology, complementing those found in traditional models based on service levels (travel time, cost, transfers, etc.) and users’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (income level, trip purpose, etc.). The topological variables represent concepts such as the directness of the chosen route and user knowledge of the network. For both of these factors, the necessary data is endogenous to the modelling process and can be quantified without the need for information-gathering beyond what is normally required for building route choice models. Other novel variables in the proposed formulation capture notions of user comfort such as vehicle occupancy rates and certain physical characteristics of network stations. We conclude that these new variables significantly improve the explanatory and predictive ability of existing route choice specifications.     

Modeling heterogeneous risk-taking behavior in route choice: A stochastic dominance approach

This paper proposes a unified approach to modeling heterogonous risk-taking behavior in route choice based on the theory of stochastic dominance (SD). Specifically, the first-, second-, and third-order stochastic dominance (FSD, SSD, TSD) are respectively linked to insatiability, risk-aversion and ruin-aversion within the framework of utility maximization. The paths that may be selected by travelers of different risk-taking preferences can be obtained from the corresponding SD-admissible paths, which can be generated using general dynamic programming. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the SD-based approach and other route choice models that consider risk-taking behavior. These route choice models employ a variety of reliability indexes, which often make the problem of finding optimal paths intractable. We show that the optimal paths with respect to these reliability indexes often belong to one of the three SD-admissible path sets. This finding offers not only an interpretation of risk-taking behavior consistent with the SD theory for these route choice models, but also a unified and computationally viable solution approach through SD-admissible path sets, which are usually small and can be generated without having to enumerate all paths. A generic label-correcting algorithm is proposed to generate FSD-, SSD-, and TSD-admissible paths, and numerical experiments are conducted to test the algorithm and to verify the analytical results.     

广西路网工程路线设计方法

文章结合广西路网工程建设背景、路网工程建设程序、路线设计步骤,介绍了以公路运行安全、新征用土地数量、工程造价、地形地物、方便施工等为原则控制路线的设计方法,同时针对当前路网工程路线设计中存在的主要问题,提出了相关的处理措施。     

Origin–destination synthesis for aviation network data: examining hub operations in the domestic and international US markets

Hub‐and‐spoke networking is a key feature of current aviation markets in which hubs, as connecting points, function to consolidate and redistribute flows. This indicates that observation of traffic on a segment does not necessarily convey information about the origin to destination routing of passenger journeys because of the unavoidable detours in the system. This paper examines the heterogeneity of the flow composition in domestic and international US markets, which in turn allows us to observe the variation of operations across major hubs. A modified Route Flow Estimator for origin–destination synthesis (or origin–destination matrix estimation) is designed to decompose the segment traffic into itinerary‐based passenger trips. Several public and commercial databases, which are easily accessible, are exploited (and reconciled) for the model in order to (i) generate possible trip itineraries using those segment markets, and (ii) link data‐driven operational conditions with the underlying segment flows. The results are validated with US domestic trip observations and empirical knowledge related to the air transportation system. Then, the variability of the hub operations is examined based on sensitivity tests using the model parameters. From the resolution of itinerary‐based estimates, we observe that major airports' hub operations are spatially uneven, particularly with respect to domestic and international connecting passengers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GIS的山区道路灾害多发区段线路方案优选--以迫隆藏布流域为例

论述了基于GIS技术进行山区灾害多发地段线路方案优选的方法。在建立山区灾害区段选线的单因素分析层的基础上 ,提出了应用GIS技术提取山区灾害多发区段影响选线方案的信息。然后 ,应用层次分析方法 (AHP)实现灾害选线多因素的综合分析及多方案综合比选。最后以迫隆藏布流域某灾害多发区段为例验证了这种方法的有效性