船用增压锅炉过热器内流场数值模拟与流量分配规律研究

针对某船用增压锅炉过热器结构复杂的特点，用PRO／E建立了过热器内蒸汽空间的整体三维模型，选择更合理的边界条件，以流体力学基本方程组和标准的k—ε双方程湍流模型为数学模型，对不同结构参数的过热器蒸汽流场分别进行了整体三维数值模拟，直接得到并联各管蒸汽质量流量分配规律。分析、归纳并验证了影响流量偏差的各种结构因素。计算结果表明，该型过热器采用细密管束沿集箱轴向均匀进汽，并将第二、三流程沿炉膛宽度方向分隔成三部分的特殊结构，能显著减小各部分的流量偏差与热负荷偏差，并利用倾斜挡板减缓了集箱腔体内沿流向的静压下降幅度，使流量偏差与炉膛热负荷分布保持一致。挡板形状和流程布置方式有利于减小过热器管束的壁温差异。当保持过热器的其它结构特征（流程布置方式、挡板型式、管束引入引出方式和位置等）不变时，流量分配不均匀性取决于单位集箱长度上的支管总横截面积与集箱横截面积之比，以及支管平均长度与集箱长度之比两个参数，前者越小，或后者越大，则支管流量分配越均匀。计算方法和结果对于过热器结构优化设计有重要参考价值，并为建立流量偏差同结构参数之间的通用性关联式奠定了基础。     

放射式轨道路网的系统出行成本研究

探讨放射式轨道路网下的系统出行成本，能够为评价轨道交通服务水平、确定合理的线路数量和运营参数提供理论支持。基于研究区域人口密度服从Clark 分布，建立了系统出行成本模型。模型将乘客在步行时间、车站等待时间和车上等待时间换算为费用作为系统出行成本的一部分，结合运营商的运营和维护成本得到系统人均出行总成本。以成都市为例，通过模型分析确定最优发车频率为13 veh/h、轨道线路数为5条，较符合实际情况，验证了模型的有效性。     

A travel time reliability model of urban expressways with varying levels of service

Urban expressways usually experience several levels of service (LOS) because of the stop-and-go traffic flow caused by congestion. Moreover, multiple shock waves generate at different LOS interfaces. The dynamic of shock waves strongly influences the travel time reliability (TTR) of urban expressways. This study proposes a path TTR model that considers the dynamic of shock waves by using probability-based method to characterize the TTR of urban expressways with shock waves. Two model parameters are estimated, namely distribution of travel time (TT) per unit distance and travel distances in different LOS segments. Generalized extreme value distribution and generalized Pareto distribution are derived as distributions of TT per unit distance for six different LOS. Distribution parameters are estimated by using historical floating car data. Travel distances in different LOS segments are calculated based on shock wave theory. The range of TT along the path, which can help drivers arrange their trips, can be obtained from the TTR model. Finally, comparison is made among the proposed TTR model, generalized Pareto contrast model, which does not consider different LOS or existence of shock waves, and normal contrast model, which assumes TT per unit distance as normal distribution without considering shock wave. Results show that the proposed model achieves higher prediction accuracy and reduces the prediction range of TT. The conclusions can be further extended to TT prediction and assessment of measures to improve reliability of TT in a network.     

三维近自由表面水翼升力线理论

文章将普朗特的升力线理论扩展到自由表面下的三维水翼升力分析问题。二维水翼升力计算采用奇点分布法,三维水翼升力采用普朗特的马蹄涡叠加法,得到了三维水翼升力线计算理论。并且都考虑了自由表面的影响。在算例中,针对不同的潜深和翼弦长度,给出了升力系数和潜深弗汝德数的关系。其计算结果与其他文献所给的结果相比吻合得很好。     

某高速公路岔道口桥梁有限元分析及配筋研究

结合某高速公路岔道口桥梁的实际情况,应用大型有限元MIDAS软件建立岔道口桥梁的梁格空间模型对岔道口受力进行仿真分析,并运用ANSYS软件建立实体模型与梁格模型在自重情况下的结果进行对比,根据应力分布特点对结构进行配筋研究,取得了传统平面计算无法获得的结果。     

山城主干道设计常见问题及安全设计要点

针对当前道路交通安全状况现状,从山城主干道设计的平纵设计标准、横断面与车道宽度、交叉口控制、附属细节设计等方面入手,对山地城市主干道常见设计问题与代表性道路的运行状况进行对应研究,提出了山城主干道设计的主要控制原则,阐述了安全设计技术要点。     

吸盘挖泥船采用全电力驱动系统设计论证

通过对定距桨推进器与调距桨推进器的比较,以及针对该吸盘挖泥船全电力驱动配置方案和一拖二(柴油机拖动螺旋桨和轴带发电机)动力配置方案的主要性能与参数进行论证分析比较,得出推荐采用全电力驱动配置方案的结论,并对全电力驱动配置方案中采用何种电力驱动方式及配电系统进行简单论证,为船东选择采用全电力驱动配置方案提供技术支持。     

CRH3型动车组设备舱温度分布和变化规律

为确定动车组设备舱通风散热性能,对列车在环境温度为35~-25℃下运行时,设备舱内空气流动以及传热进行仿真分析,获得牵引变流器表面温度随不同环境温度的变化规律,这为车下设备的合理布局和设计提供依据.     

基于社会公平的城市保障性住房空间布局策略研究

通过梳理城市发展模式,并借鉴国际上有效处理居住社会公平问题的经验,在调查西安市保障房空间分布状况的基础上,就目前保障性住房因空间布局造成的社会公平问题进行分析,着重从建设主体的行为激励、保障性住房的科学规划两个方面提出了若干建议,以有助于解决保障房居民获得公平公共服务和发展机会的问题。     

Modelling waiting time for passengers transferring from rail to buses

This paper develops a mathematical model to calculate the average waiting time for passengers transferring from rail transit to buses based on the statistical analysis of primary data collected in Beijing. An important part of the average waiting time modelling is to analyse the distributions of passenger arrival rates. It is shown that the lognormal and gamma distributions have the best fit for direct transfer and non-direct transfer passengers, respectively. Subsequently, an average waiting time model for transferring passengers is developed based on passenger arrival rate distributions. Furthermore, case studies are conducted for two scenarios with real and estimated data, resulting in relative errors of ?3.69% and ?3.77%, respectively. Finally, the paper analyses the impacts of bus headway, the headway of rail cars, and the proportion of direct transfer passengers on average waiting time.