风对交通设施的作用空气动力学研究现状

风对交通设施的作用是一种十分复杂的现象，随着桥梁结构向着超高、异型和密布等方向发展，导致风对桥梁结构的影响越来越不可忽视。讨论桥梁结构风工程中的风对结构的作用，边界层风洞试验模拟风场特性和基于高频动态天平测力技术的风洞试验技术的国内外研究进展，对进一步研究进行了展望。     

钢网面板加筋土挡墙动力特性试验的变形研究

基于泥质红砂岩粗粒土填料，采用MTS分别模拟地震荷载、交通荷载、加-卸载多循环荷载进行大尺寸模型试验，研究了钢网面板土工格栅加筋土挡墙在上述荷载作用下的动力特性，获得了不同峰值的水平地震激励下模型挡墙不同位置的水平动位移、竖向动位移峰值响应等实测值；采用不同频率、不同幅值的竖向交通荷载正交试验法，获得了该模型挡墙在重复荷载作用下的最大水平变形、最大沉降量及位置等动力特性参数值；通过7种荷载、21组加卸载循环试验，获得了加一卸载多循环荷载作用下的实测沉降值。试验结果表明：该加筋结构具有整体变形的特性，是优良的抗震结构，能承受抗震设防烈度为9度的地震荷载；同时该加筋结构具有良好的稳定性和抗破坏性，重复荷载的幅值和振动次数对结构动力变形特性的影响较大，而振动频率对变形特性的影响不显著；多循环荷载作用下该加筋结构能够明显减小不均匀沉降。过长的筋材并不能明显地改善加筋土挡墙的动力特性。     

Parameters optimisation of a vehicle suspension system using a particle swarm optimisation algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to determine the lumped suspension parameters that minimise a multi-objective function in a vehicle model under different standard PSD road profiles. This optimisation tries to meet the rms vertical acceleration weighted limits for human sensitivity curves from ISO 2631 [ISO-2631: guide for evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration. Europe; 1997] at the driver's seat, the road holding capability and the suspension working space. The vehicle is modelled in the frequency domain using eight degrees of freedom under a random road profile. The particle swarm optimisation and sequential quadratic programming algorithms are used to obtain the suspension optimal parameters in different road profile and vehicle velocity conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed using the obtained results and, in Class G road profile, the seat damping has the major influence on the minimisation of the multi-objective function. The influence of vehicle parameters in vibration attenuation is analysed and it is concluded that the front suspension stiffness should be less stiff than the rear ones when the driver's seat relative position is located forward the centre of gravity of the car body. Graphs and tables for the behaviour of suspension parameters related to road classes, used algorithms and velocities are presented to illustrate the results. In Class A road profile it was possible to find optimal parameters within the boundaries of the design variables that resulted in acceptable values for the comfort, road holding and suspension working space.     

An easy procedure to determine Magic Formula parameters: a comparative study between the starting value optimization technique and the IMMa optimization algorithm

In 2004, a new searching algorithm for Magic Formula tyre model parameters was presented. Now, a summary of the results, for pure and combined slip, that this algorithm is able to achieve is presented. The Magic Formula tyre model needs a set of parameters to describe the tyre properties. The determination of these parameters is dealt with in this article. A new method, called IMMa Optimization Algorithm (IOA), based on genetic techniques, is used to determine these parameters. Here, we show the computational cost that has been used to obtain the optimum parameters of every characteristic of the Magic Formula tyre model, called Delft Tyre 96. The main advantages of the method are its simplicity of implementation and its fast convergence to optimal solution, with no need of deep knowledge of the searching space. Hence, to start the search, it is not necessary to know a set of starting values of the Magic Formula parameters (null sensitivity to starting values). The search can be started with a randomly generated set of parameters between [0, 1]. Nowadays, MF-Tool, an application developed by TNO, uses an optimization technique to fit Magic Formula parameters from Matlab toolbox [van Oosten, J.J.M. and Bakker, E., 1993, {Determination of magic tyre model parameters}. Vehicle System Dynamics, 21, 19–29; van Oosten, J.J.M., Savi, C., Augustin, M., Bouhet, O., Sommer, J. and Colinot, J.P., 1999, {Time, tire, measurements, forces and moments, a new standard for steady state cornering tyre testing}. EAEC Conference, Barcelona, 30 June–2 July.]. We refer to that algorithm as the starting value optimization technique. The comparison between the optimization technique employed by TNO and the proposed IOA method is discussed in this article. In order to give a relative idea of adjustment accuracy, the sum-squared error and the mean-squared error, from the curves of the tyre model with the parameters optimized by both applications compared with test data are evaluated.     

Experimental research on the mechanical properties of gypsum breccia with different water content

This paper deals with the influence of water content on the mechanical properties of gypsum breccia with different initial water contents. The experimental research was taken on the GDS (geotechnical digital systems) tri-axial experiment system by strain rate control. The mechanical properties,including stress-strain curves,peak deviator stress,relative residual strength,elastic modulus,Poisson's ratio,angle of internal friction and cohesion of gypsum breccia,were studied by experiment. The results showed t...     

人绒毛膜ABO(H)血型物质检测的研究

本文以人绒毛膜为检材,提出玻片粘附解离法检测ABO(H)血型物质。同时对绒毛膜的取材条件及保存方法进行了初步的探索。结果表明:本实验方法与目前国内报道的人绒毛膜ABO(H)血型物质试管检测的方法相比较,取材用量少(2～4 mg),操作简便,对孕早期进行亲子鉴定有实用意义。检材在冷藏保存情况下,检测时限可达三个月。     

Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

岩溶地区桩基基础的设计与施工

通过认真调查岩溶地区地质情况,提出岩溶地区桩基设计、施工的合理方案。     

脉宽调制逆变器—异步电动机系统电压,电流的计算机模拟

交—直—交电压型脉宽调制逆变器是牵引领域中很有发展前途的一种逆变器。本文对该种逆变器—异步电动机系统建立了一个通用的数学模型,它具有运算速度快、精度高及对计算机内存容量要求低的特点。从原则上来说可在系统的整个调频范围内,在微型计算机上对任何稳态工况时的逆变器输出电压、电机定、转子电流的基波及谐波分量进行分析,从而为该种系统的研制和改进提供了一个有力的工具。     

桥梁维修加固计算机系统框架研究

基于开发的桥梁维修加固计算机系统应用规范和荷载试验评定标准,通过采集的数据建立评价数据模型和决策数据模型,可对桥梁的损伤状况和承载能力作出评价,并通过专家咨询法给出损伤原因和决策措施,对类似工程具有一定的参考价值。